Thursday, December 26, 2019

Bullying, Family Therapy Outcomes And Academic Performance

Addressing Bullying in Schools Research topic: Bullying in Schools Research Question: Is there a relationship between bullying, family therapy outcomes and academic performance? Chosen Methodology: The Mixed Method Triangulation Design A mixed methodology is what I am using in the study. Mixed methods approaches consists of collecting both qualitative and quantitative data. The Mixed Methods Triangulation design is designed to obtain different but complementary data on the same topic to understand the research problem (Creswell Plano-Clark, 2007). Qualitative data consists of either open-ended information in which research can be obtained from interviews, case studies, observational, narrative, grounded theory, and/or ethnography, and or phenomenological perspectives. Quantitative data involves finding and showing the relationship between variables. The suggested qualitative component involves a phenomenological data. The phenomenological method—is used when the researcher wants to obtain the specific views of the client regarding particular phenomena related to the research question. Example of a Qualitative approach Rutherford and Rissel (2004) conducted a study focused on types of conflicts occurring in school where students could help resolve the conflicts. Thus, several questions concerning knowledge about and use of peer mediation. Based on the methodology used, school faculty was asked for ideas on how to increase the effectiveness of peer mediation. TheyShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Cyber Bullying1170 Words   |  5 PagesCyberbullying Typically, the person that is doing the cyber bullying is generally a victim of bullying themselves. How is cyberbullying done? Normally, the use of electronic devices to send messages that tend to emotional hurt someones feelings. Social media can lead to many negative outcomes when communicating to others. For example, if a teenage boy responds on a girl’s photo stating she is â€Å"ugly† is considered online bullying. One popular social media site is Facebook that over millions of peopleRead MoreEvidence-Based Counseling Practice Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesI sought to encourage Carlos, a thirteen-year-old boy with ADHD, behavior, and academic challenges to make better choices. Approaches implemented included a reality therapy foundation with solution-focused brief therapy interventions to help Carlos recognize that he can be in control and accept responsibility for his actions. Through the modalities of choice theory, reality therapy, and solution-focused brief therapy, I hoped to empower Carlos as he moved into the last semester of eighth grade andRead MoreEssay On Adolescent Depressive Disorder1476 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorder as well as family history current major depressive disorder or subsyndromal depressive disorder Average duration of the depressive episode is 7 to 9 months where are 90% achieved remission after 2 years thats a very high relapse 50% recurrence of 40 in two years and 70 in 5 years chronic scores of depression present n62 10% of the patients7 8 Major depression can affect many areas of child life including relationship with the family friends and academic performance. Child with depressionRead MoreIntegrating The Adolescents Mind During The Adolescent Mind After The Process Of Intervention1844 Words   |  8 Pagesare experiencing. Due to the fact adolescent problems are multidimensional, there are principles needed to be addressed during the assessment in order to reach a long term end-goal that remains permanent in the teenager s life. Multidimensional Family Therapy is guided by individual factors as well as environmental factors. Client motivation is one of the therapist s most important responsibilities during the development of the program. An individual s motivation is adjustable, and will move in theRead MoreEffects Of Depression On Children And Adolescents1838 Words   |  8 Pagesadolescents and one of the most common reasons that they seek mental health treatment. Depression is often brought on or worsened by e xperiencing negative life events such as bullying, abuse or neglect, parental divorce, and countless others. There are numerous treatment options for depression, but cognitive behavior therapy is one of the most widely used and heavily researched treatments for depression in children and adolescents. Adolescents who are depressed often interpret life’s events in distortedRead MoreThe Role Of Social Work Essay2319 Words   |  10 Pagesimprovement of the individuals within a system and the system where they operate. Social Work has three different concentrations: Micro practice, Mezzo practice and Macro practice. Micro Practice focuses on individuals and small groups such as; couples, families and groups. This practice is direct or face to face intervention. Mezzo practice focuses on medium communities, it can be face to face or indirect practice. And Macro practice focuses on larger systems such as; organizations, institutions, regionsRead MoreBullying Is A Problem That Af fects Individuals From Age Groups5140 Words   |  21 PagesBullying is a problem that affects individuals from all age groups, but mainly widespread among adolescents. It includes behaviors that focus on making someone else feel insufficient by mocking or harassing them. Bullying involves using physical violence, emotional harassment, and verbally belittling speech. It entails active actions with the intention of ostracizing another person (Howard, Flora Griffin, 1999). Physical harassment is a form of bullying where the bully attempts to dominate anotherRead MoreThe Impact Of Bullying Of Early Adolescent3664 Words   |  15 Pages Impact of Bullying of Early Adolescent Introduction Bullying is a problem that affects individuals from all age groups, but mainly widespread among adolescents. It includes behaviors that focus on making someone else feel insufficient by mocking or harassing them. Bullying involves using physical violence, emotional harassment, and verbally belittling speech. It entails active actions with the intention of ostracizing another person (Howard, Flora Griffin, 1999). Physical harassment is a formRead MoreBusiness4225 Words   |  17 PagesNetwork MANAGING BULLYING PROBLEMS IN NIGERIAN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: SOME COUNSELLING INTERVENTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION Oyaziwo Aluede Ambrose Alli University Abstract Bullying problem has remained pervasive and a going concern for all stakeholders of education who desire to make school climate a safe haven. This paper is moved by this desire, by bringing into context the meaning of bullying and prevalence of bullying around the globe. The paper further brings into perspective bullying situation in NigeriaRead MoreHigh Self Esteem Essay2676 Words   |  11 Pages‘It is good for a person to have a high level of self-esteem.’ Critically discuss. Self-esteem has captivated the interest of psychological researchers and the whole of society. â€Å"This academic preoccupation is substantially matched by interest among the public at large, and not just among those people, doctors, teachers and social workers who might be expected to show a professional interest in the human psyche. In their everyday lives people

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Pros And Cons Of Design - 906 Words

Then someone else may argue if the genes of the next generation could be chosen, we would have many more intelligent, rational, and logical children. However, revolution works at the margins, and it does so through trade-offs. ( KOZUBEK, 2017) For example, the infamous APOE4 variant, the single strongest risk variant for late-onset Alzheimers disease, remains at 15% frequency in the population-one reason is that it may also up Vitamin D.(KOZUBEK, 2017) Overall, engineered traits may advance the mankind in a temporary period, but ultimately they may turn out to be detrimental. From a biological standpoint, decreased biodiversity due to baby designing will impede the human ability to adapt, which is quite dangerous considering the†¦show more content†¦(Designer,2017) Furthermore, the impecunious parents who cannot afford the fees of the procedure are doomed to fail the preparation for their children to compete with their counterparts who will seize the favorable position by vi rtue of enhanced traits owing to advantageous genes their wealthy parents bought them before birth. Just as is illustrated by the science-fiction film Gattaca, which explores this issue by depicting a world where only genetically-modified individuals can engage in the upper echelon of society. The wealthy able to afford the selection of desirable traits for their offspring and those of lower socioeconomic status unable to afford the same option will ultimately divide to a segregation between the superior modified humans, and the pure but inferior ones. And the economic divisions may grow into genetic divisions, with social distinctions delineating enhanced individuals from unenhanced individuals.( Ly, 2011) Therefore, if the usage of the technology is not constrained properly, the social situation of inequality between the rich and the poor will turn moreShow MoreRelatedAdvanced Design Methodologies : The Pros And Cons2543 Words   |  11 PagesTerm Paper Advanced Design Methodologies Fall 2014 001 EVALUATION OF DFMEA FRAMEWORK: THE PROS AND CONS VARUN KUMAR Graduate student Clemson University Clemson, SC, USA ABSTRACT This article presents a subjective evaluation of the Design Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (DFMEA) framework. The advantages and disadvantages of DFMEA have been briefly discussedRead MoreGenome Editing : The Modern Frankenstein929 Words   |  4 PagesVictor Frankenstein may have created and abandoned a creature, but what happens when you start to design future generations? Any scientific advancement that can have such a great effect on the lives of people has a possibility to be misused. Something as large as genome editing can be extremely useful, life changing, and effect every future generation. Then again, with great power comes great responsibility. Will genome editing be the modern Frankenstein? Genome editing is still relatively new inRead MoreFinal Case Studies Name Dyson E. Johnson1555 Words   |  7 Pagesupgrades are provided by the vendor, getting input from other companies (Rosenblatt, 2014, p.269-270). b. What are the pros and cons of in-house development versus purchasing a system? The pros and cons of in-house development versus purchasing a system are quite different, here I will break it down by in-house and purchasing, with their pros and cons. In-house: Pros Cons †¢ It department has something to do †¢ Development cost cheaper †¢ Control not at mercy of third parties †¢ Development is strategicRead MoreTiles Competitor Analysis955 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom | * Susceptible to water damage * darkens with age * price range: expensive to very expensive | Pros  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Beautiful, warm, soft on the feet, fairly durable, long-lasting if properly sealed and maintained, can be refinished, many wood types and hues to choose from, can be painted or stained for more color options, helps tie kitchen to other rooms in an open floor plan. Cons  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Susceptible to water damage, darkens with age, expensive to very expensive, softer woods can dent easily, harderRead MoreHow Business With The Right E Commerce Platform Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pageswho still wants to be the bread-winner of your family. It’s never late to start weaving your dream with just a bit of knowledge about e-commerce platform is all you need. For which I am here to enlighten you about e-commerce platform and there pros and cons. Things you should know about E-commerce Platforms Before starting you should know what e-commerce platform is? Similar to brick and mortar shop, e-commerce or electronic commerce is a software solution that offers merchants to build a storefrontRead MoreFive Best Search Engine Optimization Tools Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesextraordinary profundity, looking at your inbound connections, traffic, keyword targets and SEO rankings with different destinations in your business. By giving you bits of knowledge about the methods of your competitors, these SEO tools help you design your business strategy. †¢ Link Building: SEO tools will help you discover destinations that can give trusted, amazing connections that will drive traffic to your site. These tools also provide important tips on link optimization. †¢ Tracking and Reporting:Read More Ruhling Manufacturing Company Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesThere are two characteristics to be considered when negotiating over competitive bidding: a) Must be flexible and allow changes to make and specify the designs of the projects. b) Knowledge is very important because if a project is based or awarded on competitive bidding then a contractor may not know the information about possible design flaws, submit a low bid, and recoup profits when changes are required. 2. Considerations of Epsilons alternative proposal: a. What is the applicabilityRead MoreThe Advantage of VPN Security and Design735 Words   |  3 PagesThis article will discuss about the advantages and disadvantages when VPN comes to its security and design to a higher level of secure communication when compared to other remote methods of communications, the cost to set up VPNs within an organization, and the scalability and flexibility in terms of growing with the company and adding new users to the network. The advantage of VPN security and design is that it offers a higher level of secure communication when compared to other remote methods ofRead MoreImproving Brcc Website By Reorganizing Essay1422 Words   |  6 Pagesamount of time each user spends on the website, it decreases the running costs of the website. IMPLEMENTING BRCC WEBSITE IMPROVEMENTS The first step in this process would be to hire a competent web design company with proven ability to create organized and functional websites. Every respectable web design company will provide a list of previous client websites that can be browsed and tested, this makes it simpler for clients to find a company that suits their needs perfectly. COST ANALYSIS WebsitesRead MoreEmr Innovation for Rvs Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pagesfor future investments. Thus EMR innovations were developed with the potential Lock-Awn product to market. 2. Prepare your best SWOT analysis of the year on this company Internal | Strengths: | Weaknesses: | | -Most RVs suffered from design Flaws on patio awnings-Patio awnings are standard equipment on virtually all RV’s -More affordable prices compared to competitors -Their products are better in appearance, ease of installation, and ease of operation than competitors -Targets all segments

Monday, December 9, 2019

Forces For Change In Nineteenth Century Europe free essay sample

Essay, Research Paper Forces for Change in Nineteenth Century Europe The 19th century transformed the lives of the European population from the Feudal universe to a new industrial, dynamic universe. It was non, nevertheless, the nineteenth century alone which produced such a great alteration. It was the evolutionary developments prior to the 19th century that paved the manner for an epoch of rapid and cardinal alteration. This tidal moving ridge of alteration reached its crescendo in the 19th century and was characterized by population growing, capitalist economy, socialism, liberalism and patriotism. So powerful were these forces for alteration that the conservativists were forced to give manner to the societal, political, and economic alterations that would follow. Prior to the 18 100s alterations were germinating that were to climax and do the enormous alteration of the 19th century. The Renaissance encouraged thoughts of humanitarianism and individuality. The Reformation gave many people a secular position on life. The Agrarian and Industrial Revolutions created new engineering and a new societal order. From this it can be said that these early alterations were the preamble to the dynamic alterations of the 19th century which needed merely a dramatic addition in population to get down the new societal revolution. Possibly the most important force for alteration in the 19th century was population growing. The fact that the European population increased about quadruple meant that # 8220 ; No societal of political order could hold remained unaffected by so huge an additions in humanity. # 8221 ; ( Thompson, 1957 :112 ) . This momentous growing provided a ready supply of labor for the Industrial Revolution which was taking topographic point. Consequently a new working category emerged which pressured the authorities to do reforms in countries of working conditions, instruction and wellness. Clearly it can be seen that the dramatic population addition was the most important force for alteration in the 19th century and as a consequence, assorted other forces for alteration followed. These new emerging forces for alteration nevertheless, were non without considerable resistance. The bulk of the aristocracy could non accept the dynamic alterations of the 19th century and accordingly a conservative recoil occurred. Monarchs, blue bloods, members of the church and reactionist members of society attempted to deflate the new societal revolution. Ultimately, nevertheless, they were defeated, sometimes violently, by the general population who encouraged these new alterations. As a consequence the aristocracy were forced to yield to the new societal, political and economic alterations that followed. Capitalism was a important force for alteration to the European economic system in the 19th century. The capitalist motion was a alteration to the societal system where a pecuniary economic system replaced the old, exchange economic system of the Feudal universe. This enabled people of any societal position to be able to alter their life style and go affluent man of affairs who were motivated by net income in a Laissez Faire economic system. In decision, capitalist economy created a booming European economic system nevertheless it besides created an I ncreasing spread between the in-between category and the working category and as a consequence, a socialist motion was established. Socialism was a important force for alteration and was mostly a reform to the capitalist system. Socialism was an effort, driven mostly by the in-between category, to rectify the failures of the Laissez Faire economic system. Thompson states that while the whole procedure of industrialisation and capitalist economy was traveling on, # 8220 ; each authorities was confronted, in speedy sequence, with a host of fresh societal problems. # 8221 ; ( Thompson, 1957:116 ) . The in-between category were driven by fright of the increasing duality between the center and lower category and were compelled to demand a series of reforms in the public assistance of the on the job category. For illustration the in-between category demanded that the authorities accept duty for the public assistance of the lower category. On balance it can be said that the socialism motion was a important and intelligent option from the Laissez Faire economic system as it ensured greater equality among people and less ill will between the societal categories. The overthrow of bossy governments and the formation of new political groups was another force for alteration known as Liberalism. Basically the features of Liberalism were freedom, equality, advancement and the belief in one # 8217 ; s mind. The in-between category demanded political representation and one time this was achieved, assorted betterments in wellness, instruction and the constitution of trade brotherhoods occurred. Liberalism decreased the power of the church, sovereign and the nobility thereby making a more democratic society. In decision, Liberalism was a enormous force for alteration as it brought freedom and more equality to the greater population of Europe. Another really important force for alteration in the 19th century was patriotism. Patriotism was a ardent belief in one # 8217 ; s state and put an terminal to the old feudal system where the trueness of the people was given to their local Godheads. Patriotism caused boundary lines to be formed which encompassed people of the same race, faith or linguistic communication and excluded people who were different in these respects. Clash between states occurred and hence a military system for each state was established in order to protect the wealth of the state. On balance it can be said that patriotism was the cause for several European wars and was a enormous force for alteration to political Europe. The epoch of rapid and cardinal alteration in the 19th century was a merchandise of a figure of factors. The early, germinating alterations prior to the 19th century cemented the way for enormous alteration to happen while the tremendous addition in population forced new and dynamic alterations on the European universe. As a consequence of this new societal impact, assorted forces for alteration like capitalist economy, socialism, liberalism and patriotism emerged that were to accordingly transform the societal, political and economic factors in Europe. Therefore from the important and dynamic alterations of Europe in the 19th century, it can be argued that this epoch pioneered the life style of the Western World today.

Monday, December 2, 2019

The poem Brothers explores the relationship between two brothers Essay Example For Students

The poem Brothers explores the relationship between two brothers Essay Google definition of Brothers: A brother is a male sibling; that shares at least one of the same parents. In most societies throughout the world, these siblings usually grow up together and spend a good deal of their childhood with each other, like playing and having fun.  Main ideas/Message/Feelings/Attitudes:  The poem Brothers explores the relationship between two brothers and, in my opinion, I think that this poem is mainly aimed at people who have younger or older siblings because they, like Forster, would be the only readers able to relate to times that they have behaved in negative ways towards their own family which they then regretted later on in life. In the poem the narrator remembers feeling burdened and annoyed with his brother when they were children, using terms like Saddled with you to interpret the fact that he felt stuck with his brother like a horse was stuck with a saddle: his feelings about it all were just simply dismissed. We will write a custom essay on The poem Brothers explores the relationship between two brothers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The themes, apart from relationships, that I feel could be linked to this poem are growing up and independence. The reason being is because the older brother, who is only nine years old at this time, consistently tries to convince himself that he is responsible enough to do things that adults do. For instance on the last line of the second stanza, the narrator quoted that he and Paul must stroll the town as they would be doing what grown-ups do. Through the use of the word must the poet was trying to infer that he thought he was much older than he actually was and he was already what someone would classify as an adult. Moreover, earlier on in the poem the narrator stated that one was to stroll while his somewhat childish younger brother skipped and by doing this Forster expressed his mature opinion of himself and his low, immature thoughts of his younger brother . The overall effect that this has on the poem is that it makes the whole memory, not only partially humorous, but also more realistic because, everyone at some stage in their life has thought of themselves as older than they actually were. The constantly changing perspective of Forster, between the mindset of a child and adult, helps to express the main message of the poem which is stressed in the final line of the poem: I ran on, unable to close the distance Id set in motion. The message that this line teaches, to my understanding, is that miniscule things that we see as nothing, may have substantial consequences. The reason for this is because, by choosing to go with his friend Paul instead of his younger brother all those years ago, Forster extinguished the bond that he and his younger brother once possessed. Other messages that I feel the poem Brothers tries to teach its readers is that, the true meaning of family has been diminished. As the highlighted Google definition of the word Brothers above states: Brothers usually spend a good deal of their childhood with each other, like playing and having fun. The events that occur in this poem refute this modern idea about family and how it is expressed by Brothers due to what happened between Forster and his younger brother when he was still a young boy. Poetic Devices/Memorable Imagery/Language:  In the poem Brothers, Forster uses language to show the age of his mind set in particular parts of the poem. For instance in the beginning, the narrator quoted me and Paul to show that his mind set is that of a young child due to the illiterate use of grammar because, as to most common knowledge suggests, grammatical correctness implies that the sentence should be Paul and I. Furthermore, Forster uses informal language such as go and ask Mum when he is speaking to his younger brother who has forgotten his bus fare. Here Forster has used language which we, people of the modern society today, would often associate with young children and the end result of it is that, it gives the poem an authentic child like quality which simply adds realism to the memory. .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 , .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 .postImageUrl , .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 , .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567:hover , .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567:visited , .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567:active { border:0!important; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567:active , .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567 .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub7a491bf93e4906a0fb7c49704c0b567:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparison of the Poems "Being-in-love" by Roger McGough and "Funeral Blues" by W H Auden EssayAt the end of the poem, the author evidently feels regret and responsible about his relationship with his brother because, they seem distant and he shows that he feels fully responsible when he ends the poem by using the last line to express his feelings about it all: I ran on, unable to close the distance Id set in motion. Which to my understanding means, he and Paul ran on chasing the bus, and the distance between him and his brother grew, literally and metaphorically, and Forster was never able to decrease this gap and allow their relationship to undergo growth.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Chrysalids essays

Chrysalids essays The Chrysalids is a science fictional book of suspense, irony and pathos. The six main characters in the novel are David Strorm, Joseph Strorm, Gordon Strorm, Petra Strorm, Rosalind, and Sealand woman. They have different situations and different opinions in the story which adds more suspense and keeps the reader interested right to the least page. In this novel the differences between people are not physical but mental as well. The novel's narrator is a left-handed, brown haired man called David, one of the chrysalids. When he was small, he sometimes dreamed of a city that was different from Waknuk. David has the power to communicate with his mind and it is called thought-shapes. However, he is unable to communicate with everyone by using thought-shapes. He can only communicate with people who have telepathic power. On the other hand, he lives in a world where people think of themselves as normal and the Norms try to destroy those who are abnormal. He makes friends with Sophie, the mutant, when he was ten. He keeps her as a secret but is still afraid that her secret will be revealed one day. Nevertheless, she still goes out to the Fringe because Alan Ervin discovers Sophie has six toes and goes telling David's father and the inspector. At the end of the story, David, Rosalind and the people who have telepathic powers es cape to the Fringe. Finally, the Sealand woman save them from the war between Waknuk and Fringe, and lead them to the new place. When they arrived in Sealand, it just looks like David's dream. His dream finally comes true when he is eighteen years old. Joseph Strorm is David's father and the leading figure in Waknuk. His father, Elias Strorm, is a founder of Waknuk. He dislikes his father and does not want to repeat his father's mistake, so he marries Emily Morton after his father's death. In his situation, he tried to destroy those who are abnormal because he thinks that the mutant will bring the evil to...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Writing Lyrics for Songs

Writing Lyrics for Songs Writing Lyrics for Songs Writing Lyrics for Songs By Michael It used to be that when people thought of songwriting, they didnt think of great writing. Then Bob Dylan won the Nobel Prize for literature. Dylan wasnt the first songwriter whose work has been respected by literary critics. You might be surprised how much ancient poetry was originally written to be sung. From certain vanished cultures, songs are the only literature that has survived. Before the invention of mass media technology, songs were the mass media the original news media. So if youre a songwriter, be proud. You have a distinguished and honorable heritage. Writing poetry or verse is good training for any writer. The discipline of a poetic structure teaches you rhythm and beat, which is part of language itself, as texture is part of paint. Yes, we all dislike limits to our creativity. But occasionally having to fit your writing into a rhyme or a meter doesnt hamper your creativity, it can enhance it. Dont you sometimes have trouble thinking of the next word to write? But once you know that word needs to rhyme with stone, or that it needs to begin with an unaccented syllable and end with an accented syllable, it might become easier to find the word. Even if you would never consider yourself a songwriter, in some ways writing song lyrics is better training than simply writing poetry or verse. Remember you dont need to be a musician to write the lyrics to a song. Someone else can write the music. But when you write poetry to be sung, you benefit from a stricter discipline and get a better education in writing. The school of lyrics When you write poetry that isnt meant to be heard (and most poetry should be heard), you can easily escape some of the discipline that you are supposed to be learning from. Personally, I cant tell if Im following the right metrical scheme unless I read what Im writing out loud. But if I have to sing it, the melody enforces the rhythm. It forces me to limit the number of syllables in the line, just as Im supposed to. Theres still room for flexibility, as I call it, or cheating, as you may call it. If you are an experienced singer, maybe you can slip in extra syllables or stretch out a syllable to make the words fit the tune. But another singer might not be able to do it so smoothly nor may they want to. If you want to write a song that is sung widely, even by the public, Im afraid you need to make the syllables fit neatly with the tune. This hard limit of so many syllables per line can drive a lyricist to frustration or possibly to jazz. Jazz is one musical tradition that welcomes improvisation and therefore welcomes longer line lengths. But again, irregular rhythms are harder to memorize, which is why few people sing John Coltrane on the way to work or school. While other writers can write longer sentences, paragraphs or chapters whenever they want, a lyricist may have to fit his or her thoughts into lines of ten words, or verses of four (not three) lines. I have been writing songs for most of my life, but the challenge of fitting words into a limited line makes me very slow. I can rarely fit a complete thought in one line; I frequently cant fit a single thought in a single verse. I wrote a Christmas song of five verses at the rate of one verse a year. Words and music Which comes first: the lyrics or the melody? That depends on the songwriter. The Broadway musical team of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II wrote lyrics first, then music. Same with pop star Elton John and Bernie Taupin, his lyricist. But other songwriters, such as Paul Simon, usually start with the melody. Sometimes the lyrics and the melody are created together, in a jam session or a recording studio. Early in their career, John Lennon and Paul McCartney of the Beatles would write eyeball to eyeball as Lennon put it. Competing with each other helped their songs and hurt their relationship. In â€Å"track and hook† songwriting, a producer records basic elements such as the rhythm and chord progression and sends out the recording to â€Å"top line writers† who add other elements, such the hook, verses, chorus or bridge. For Gilbert and Sullivan of light opera fame, W.S. Gilbert would send lyrics to Arthur Sullivan by mail, as I recall. Sullivan would open the envelope, read the lyrics, then go for a walk, no doubt humming to himself. By the time he returned from his walk, he would have a tune fixed in his mind. Tips for writing lyrics Live songs dont rewind. Unlike readers of a book, listeners at a concert who didnt catch a word or a line cant go back a page and re-read the part of the song they missed. In his article 24 lyric-writing tips, Chris Wickett says, Remember that the listeners might miss a word, or a line, or three. Dont rely on just one small line to put the whole song in context. Dont over-rhyme. Structure is good, but too many rhymes can sound cutesy or annoying. A song can tolerate slant rhymes better than it can tolerate missing syllables. Be short, simple, and sweet. Graham English calculates that Bruce Springsteens Born to Run album averages 281 words per song. The Beatles’ Abbey Road averages 102 and Let It Be averages 139. Be specific, be intimate, be concrete. Andrea Stolpe who teaches songwriting at Berklee Online and the University of Southern California, says, Bring your listener into an experience of a small moment. Tell a story that shows your heart. You dont need to be profound. Jesse Sterling Harrison advises lyricists to be just slightly enigmatic. Nor do you need to be grandiose. No! I am not Frank Sinatra, nor was meant to be. Dont rush yourself. Rod Stewart says, Ill come up with one line in a day, and then it might be a couple of days before I come up with the rhyming line. Accept criticism but dont be too critical. Your lyric wont be instantly perfect, but if you can take advice, you can improve faster. Be quiet. James Taylor told NPRs Noah Adams, I think songs need to come out of really, out of a state of boredom almost as much as anything else. You need to have empty time in order to receive them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?225 Foreign Phrases to Inspire YouWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Memo - Essay Example Canada has a gross domestic income per capital of $41,000 and a total population of 34.3 million inhabitants (Culturegrams, 2012). Zamada Motors is looking to expand its operations into the Canadian marketplace. The firm in 2014 plans on launching a small compact car called the â€Å"2.2†. The car is a small two seater with high fuel economy that is targeted to compete with Fiat, Mini, Ford and Toyota. The purpose of this memo is to provide a comprehensive integrated marketing strategy for Zamada Motors. The company has a marketing budget of one million dollars. A million dollars might seem like a lot of money, but to launch an introductory mass marketing campaign in a foreign country the budget the firm has is limited. Despite the budget constraints there are marketing channels that can be used in a combined manner to achieve the goals of the company. The first step for the company is to let the Canadian population know about existence of the Zamada brand. The marketing plan will start by focusing on the brand. The second step of the strategy is to emphasize on the â€Å"2.2† to drive the sales of the product. The marketing budget of the firm will be divided in two initiates. The company will spend 20% of its budget to get the word out about the brand. The remaining 80% of the budget will be used to market the â€Å"2.2† car model. ... To minimize cost the company will select to launch its ads in popular shows that are not part of primetime television. The firm will place three commercials per week for a period of three months. The firm will contact all Canadian TV stations to negotiate a deal for the marketing package. The bid the company will make for the commercials will be valued at $150,000. If for some reason the firm is not able to negotiate a contract based on those parameters the company will lower its expectations to two commercials per week instead of three. The second marketing channel that the company will use is the written press. Some of the potential newspapers the firm might perform business with include Georgia Straight, The Fountain Pen, High River Times, and Oxford Review (Onlinenewspapers, 2012). The marketing budget for the written press initiative is $20,000. For that budget the company expects to have a daily ad in the newspaper for a period of three months. The final channel that will be us ed for the initial public relation launch of the company is the radio. The company will place four radio ads per week for a period of three months. The marketing budget for the radio campaign is $30,000. The second phase of the integrated marketing campaign is to introduce the â€Å"2.2† car model to the general public of Canada. The firm has a marketing budget of $800,000 for this initiative. The company will use some of the marketing channels utilized in phase one as well as other marketing channels that are better suited for a marketing strategy to target a specific demographic group. The company will once again utilize television as one of its channel. The television campaign to introduce the â€Å"2.2† will be shorter than in phase

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Questionnaire Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questionnaire - Assignment Example (b)Dou you adhere to these cultural practices or have you practiced some of them†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.? (In this question, you should state if some people in your culture refuse to embrace the scientific medicine modern type of healthcare and continue administering traditional herbs and type of treatment if any exists) (f) Are you receiving any treatment? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..? (g) How do you finance for the treatment. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..? 17 (a) Describe and state the advantages, disadvantages and implications of the modern design healthcare and wellness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..? (b) In a few words, compare the traditional ways of treatment and the modern ways of treatment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..according to you and the statistics, which is more effective†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..? Pallone, Thomas, L., & John, C.(2000) Case Records of the VA Maryland Healthcare system/University of Maryland Medicine. The

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Native American Trail of Tears Essay Example for Free

The Native American Trail of Tears Essay Removal of the Cherokees and several other native nations during the 1830s allowed expansion of Anglo-American populations south and west through parts of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and neighboring states. At roughly the same time, industrial application of Eli Whitneys cotton gin created a mass market in moderately priced cotton clothing. Within a decade after the Trail of Tears, the Cherokees homeland had been replaced, in large part, by King Cotton and a revival of slavery. Between one-fourth and one-third of the 16,000 Cherokee people who were removed during 1838 died on the march to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) or shortly thereafter. The Cherokees name for the march, nuna-daa-ut-suny the trail where they cried, provided its English name, the Trail of Tears. President Jackson, having retired from his army career of Indian fighting, avidly supported the Removal Act of 1830, which led to the Cherokees Trail of Tears. Ross was the Cherokees foremost advocate against removal, the man most responsible for taking two major cases to the Supreme Court. Marshall worked the facts of the conflict into legal doctrine that has shaped law regarding Native Americans for more than a century and a half. The removal of the civilized tribes from their homelands is one of the most notable chapters in the history of American land relations. Jacksons repudiation of John Marshalls rulings, which supported the Cherokees rights to their homelands, comprised contempt of the Supreme Court, an impeachable offense under the Constitution. The subject of impeachment was not seriously raised, however. During the conflict over removal, which continued through most of Jacksons presidency, the entire United States debated assertions of states rights vis-à  -vis the federal government and the Cherokees in a prelude to the coming dissolution of the Union during the Civil War less than three decades later. Had Jackson followed Justice Marshalls rulings, the Civil War might have started during the 1830s. The explosion of westward migration after roughly 1800 generated enormous profits in land speculation. Fortunes were made in early America not usually by working the land, but by buying early and holding large parcels for sale after demand increased dramatically because of non-Indian immigration. As a frontier lawyer in Tennessee, Andrew Jackson often took his fees in land rather than money, which was as scarce along the frontier as land was plentiful. As a lawyer, Jackson acquired immense holdings with which he began a mercantile establishment and bought a plantation. . . . He built an expensive frame house at a time when most wealthy Tennesseeans still lived in log cabins, and spent large sums on whiskey, horses, and expensive home furnishings imported from Europe (Rogin 55). Jackson quickly acquired more than a hundred slaves, making him one of frontier Tennessees largest owners of human capital. He traded actively in slaves and occasionally wagered them on horse races in a display of expendable wealth that established power relationships on the frontier. In the realm of intellect, Jackson was not a subtle man. He admired Napoleon Bonaparte to the point of nearly totally ignoring the French emperors tendencies toward tyranny. Perhaps yielding to the aftertaste of the War of 1812, Jackson sincerely believed that a republic would spring from the wreck if Napoleans army would invade England and topple British royalty (Rogin 73). Jackson did not seek the removal of the Cherokees and other civilized tribesthe Choctaws, Chickasaws, Creeks, and Seminolesbecause they did not know how to make productive use of the land. On the contrary, four of the five (the exception being the Seminoles, who had escaped to Florida) were called civilized tribes by the immigrants precisely because they were making exactly the kind of progress the Great White Father desired of them: becoming farmers, educating their children, and constituting governments modeled on that of the United States. Immigrants, many of them Scots and Irish, had married into native families. Some of them owned plantations and slaves. Removal had been proposed for the Cherokees as early as 1802, when Thomas Jefferson was president. During that year, the state of Georgia signed an agreement with the U.S. government (the Cherokees were not consulted) stating its intent to work toward extinguishment of all Cherokee land titles within state borders as early as the land could be peaceably obtained, and on reasonable terms (Moulton 24). By the time President Jacksons Removal Act was passed by Congress, most white Georgians regarded the United States as seriously delinquent in the bargain (Moulton 24). Before he emerged as an advocate of Indian removal, President Jacksons name had scorched the memories of Native American peoples for decades as an Indian fighter. As a general in the U.S. Army, Jackson blazed a trail of fire throughout the South, refusing to even when his superiors ordered him to relent. In a battlefield confrontation with William Weatherfords Creeks at Horseshoe Bend, Alabama, Jackson imprisoned assistants who advised retreat. For those who retreated in battle without authorization, the penalty levied by General Jackson was harsher: Any officer or soldier who flies before the enemy without being compelled to do so by superior force . . . shall suffer death (Tebbel 75). By the time the Removal Act was passed in 1830, the Cherokees had 22,000 cattle, 7,600 horses, 46,000 swine, 2,500 sheep, 762 looms, 2,488 spinning wheels, 172 wagons, 2,943 plows, 10 sawmills, 21 grist mills, 61 blacksmitheries, 18 schools, 8 cotton gins, and 1,300 slaves. All of these things indicated that they led prosperous lives very much like those of the European-American settlers who sought their land. Removal was never popular among the Cherokees. The federal governments representatives disregarded the majority opinion and relied on the minority Treaty Party to negotiate removal treaties, largely ignoring John Rosss National Party. One proposed treaty, signed during February 1835, was voted down by a substantial number of Cherokees. The result (114 yes, 2,225 no) was a fair indication of the proposals popularity. Despite the manifest unpopularity of removal, a minority of Cherokee leaders in the Treaty Party, including Elias Boudinot, John Ridge, and several others, journeyed to Washington, D.C., in 1835 to negotiate removal, an initiative that was not sanctioned by the Cherokee government. On December 29, 1835, Boudinot and nineteen other Cherokees signed the Treaty of New Echota, which ceded Cherokee lands as of May 23, 1836. This treaty, called the Christmas trick by its many opponents, was ratified by the U.S. Senate in 1836 by a one-vote margin (Cole 116). Although Ross continued to protest removal for two more years, the state of Georgia started to coerce the Cherokees into selling their lands for a fraction of their real value. Marauding whites plundered Cherokee homes and possessions and destroyed the Cherokee Phoenixs printing press because the paper opposed removal. Opposition to removal by a large proportion of the Cherokees continued until the Trail of Tears began. On March 10, 1838, with removal impending, the Cherokees assembled a petition opposing removal with more than 15,000 signatures. While some of the signatures may have been invalid (the entire Cherokee population at the time was about 16,000), the petition demonstrated widespread Cherokee opposition to the terms of the Treaty of New Echota. John Ross was deeply disappointed by Jacksons unwillingness to enforce the law as interpreted by Chief Justice Marshall. When Ross faced removal from his own plantation-style home, he may have recalled words he had told a delegation of Senecas in 1834: â€Å"We have been made to drink of the bitter cup of humiliation; treated like dogs; our lives, our liberties, the sport of whitemen; our country and the graves of our Fathers torn from us in cruel succession; until driven from river to river, from forest to forest, and thro [sic] a period of upwards of two hundred years, rolled back nation upon nation, we find ourselves fugitives, vagrants, and strangers in our own country, and look forward to the period when our descendants will perhaps be totally extinguished by wars, driven at the point of the bayonet into the Western Ocean, or reduced to . . . the condition of slaves.† (Moulton 55) By 1838, the Cherokees had exhausted all their appeals. As they were being forced to leave their homes, the Cherokees passed a memorial that expressed the manifest injustice of their forced relocation: â€Å"The title of the Cherokee people to their lands is the most ancient, pure, and absolute known to man; its date is beyond the reach of human record; its validity confirmed by possession and enjoyment antecedent to all pretense of claim by any portion of the human race. The free consent of the Cherokee people is indispensable to a valid transfer of the Cherokee title. The Cherokee people have neither by themselves nor their representatives given such consent. It follows that the original title and ownership of lands still rests with the Cherokee Nation, unimpaired and absolute. The Cherokee people have existed as a distinct national community for a period extending into antiquity beyond the dates and records and memory of man. These attributes have never been relinquished by the Cherokee people, and cannot be dissolved by the expulsion of the Nation from its territory by the power of the United States Government.† (OBrien 57) The U.S. Army forced Cherokee families into prison camps before their arduous trek westward. As a result of unhealthy and crowded conditions in these hastily constructed stockades, some Cherokees died even before the Trail of Tears began. James Mooney, an ethnologist, later described how the Cherokees were forced from their homes: Squads of troops were sent to search out with rifle and bayonet every small cabin hidden away in the coves or by the sides of mountain streams. . . . Families at dinner were startled by the sudden gleam of bayonets in the doorway and rose up to be driven with blows and oaths along the trail that led to the stockade. Men were seized in their fields or going along the road, women were taken from their wheels, and children from their play.† (Van Every 242) A U.S. Army private who witnessed the Cherokee removal wrote: â€Å"I saw the helpless Cherokee arrested and dragged from their homes, and driven by bayonet into the stockades. And in the chill of a drizzling rain on an October morning I saw them loaded like cattle or sheep into wagons and started toward the west. . . . Chief Ross led in prayer, and when the bugle sounded and wagons started rolling many of the children . . . waved their little hands goodbye to their mountain homes.† (Worcester 67) More than 4,000 Cherokees died of exposure, disease, and starvation, about a quarter of the total Cherokee population. Quatie, Rosss wife, was among the victims of this forced emigration. After removal, the miserable conditions continued. Many Cherokees died after they arrived in Indian Territory as epidemics and food shortages plagued the new settlements. An observer in Kentucky described the Cherokees midwinter march to Arkansas: â€Å"Even aged females, apparently nearly ready to drop into the grave, were travelling with heavy burdens attached to their backs, sometimes on frozen ground, and sometimes on muddy streets, with no covering for their feet.† (Collier 124) On the subject of the Cherokees removal, Ralph Waldo Emerson weighed in solidly with John Ross. Emerson wrote to President Martin Van Buren on April 23, 1838, about the impending Trail of Tears: â€Å"A crime is projected that confounds our understandings by its magnitudea crime that really deprives us as well as the Cherokee of a country, for how could we call the conspiracy that should crush these poor Indians our government, or the land that was cursed by their parting and dying imprecations our country, any more? You, sir, will bring down that renowned chair in which you sit into infamy if your seat is set to this instrument of perfidy; and the name of this nation, hitherto the sweet omen of religion and liberty, will stink to the world.† (Moquin 105) In his letter to Van Buren, Emerson seemed concerned less with Indian suffering or a sense of injustice than with a belief that their removal would stain his image of the presidency and the national history of the United States. Portions of the same letter to Van Buren contain assumptions that might have pleased Andrew Jackson, had Emersons letter been addressed to him. Emerson spoke of the Cherokees frame homes, grist mills, farms, government, and written language as painful labors of these red men to redeem their own race from the doom of eternal inferiority . . . to borrow and domesticate in the tribe the arts and customs of the Caucasian race (Black and Weidman 272). Despite the cruelty of the marches they were forced to endure, as well as the death, disease, and deprivation that dogged their every step, the surviving Cherokees, with Ross again in the lead, quickly set about rebuilding their communities. Much as they had in the Southeast, the Cherokees, Creeks, and others built prosperous farms and towns, passed laws, and set about rather self-consciously civilizing themselves once again. John Ross set about recreating a new Cherokee homeland with the same energy that had characterized his battle against removal. Works Cited Black, Nancy B, and Bette S. Weidman. White on Red: Images of the American Indian. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1976. Cole, Donald B. The Presidency of Andrew Jackson. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1993. Collier, John. Indians of the Americas. New York: New American Library, 1947. Moquin, Wayne, ed. Great Documents in American Indian History. New York: Praeger, 2003. Moulton, Gary E. John Ross: Cherokee Chief. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998. O’Brien, Sharon. American Indian Tribal Governments. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999. Rogin, Michael Paul. Fathers and Children: Andrew Jackson and the Subjugation of the American Indian. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995. Tebbel, John W. The Compact History of the Indian Wars. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1966. Van Dale Every. Disinherited: The Lost Birthright of the American Indian. New York: William Morrow Co., 1996. Worcester, Donald E., ed. Forked Tongues and Broken Treaties. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, 1995.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Neurobiological Correlates of Mental Imagery to Sensory Perception :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Neurobiological Correlates of Mental Imagery to Sensory Perception Understanding the brain's function in the human body involves examining how inputs are processed and outputs are generated. On a reductionist, neuronal level it is often difficult to conceive how such processes lead to our experience of the world. While sensory perception and motor output can be directly traced along neuronal pathways, science is still struggling to understand the roots of such internal, intangible processes as thinking, memory, I function and ultimately consciousness. It seems possible that these phenomena emerge through the complex integration of lower level processes, but our knowledge is far from being able to comprehend how this might occur. Until recently, these abstract concepts have been the domain of cognitive psychology and philosophy. Relying on introspection to get at the nature of our experience, the early philosopher's excursions into these realms were necessarily highly subjective and were not concerned with biological or anatomical functionality. With the popularity of behaviorism in the early 1900's, mainstream psychologists avoided reference to such issues. The development of cognitive psychology pushed internal processes to the forefront, and examined them by utilizing behavioral indicators to theorize about the underlying concepts of thinking and consciousness (1). However, only in the last two decades have psychologists been able to take advantage of technology which reveals the activity of the brain during cognitive tasks. This new approach, dubbed cognitive neuroscience, has attempted to corroborate theories on mental processes with empirical evidence of brain activity (2) . These scientists are now beginning to understand how the brain is responsible for such processes. One of the prime candidates for neurobiological inspection is the phenomenon of mental imagery. Introspectively, this ability seems closely tied to perception, of which we have a firm biological grasp. Furthermore, mental imagery has implications regarding memory, thought, reasoning and emotion, which often seem intrinsically tied to imagery. Mental imagery is an interesting phenomenon because it blurs the line between inputs and outputs. On the one hand, imagery can be considered an input such as vision because we can observe elements of shape, size and color. On the other hand, we can actively manipulate mental imagery, which resembles a behavioral output of sorts. Either way, mental imagery is generated internally without any necessary external prime. Psychologists and philosophers have long pondered our ability to obtain, examine and manipulate a picture in our head without utilizing actual sensory input.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Case Study Cdos

Case Study – CDO CREATIVE BALANCE SHEET RISK MANAGEMENT: VALUE CREATION? 1) What is a CDO? Who buys CDOs? CDOs are a type of asset backed security composed of bonds issued by special purpose vehicles (a corporate entity that holds the assets as collateral, packages them and sells the resulting notes to investors). Normally, the bonds issued are divided into tranches with different risk characteristics and debt rating. Each tranche carries a different rating which determines the interest and cash flow for each layer. There are several types of underlying assets that the special vehicle can buy.The most typical are corporate bonds, corporate loans, trust preferred stocks, mortgage-backed securities and commercial real estate bonds. Those described above are conventional CDOs. Banks also created synthetic CDOs. The main characteristic is that the credit risk is transferred by a derivative (credit default swap, normally) but the originating bank retains the underlying pool of asse ts in the balance sheet. Nevertheless, with synthetic CDOs credit risk is transferred and the originating bank obtains an important relief in capital requirements.There are several investors interested in buying CDOs. The motivations for those investors are different depending on the tranches they buy. In general, investors buy CDO assets with certain rating that offer a higher return than more traditional securities and benefit from the theoretical diversification buying a CDO portfolio. Risk adverse investors such as mutual funds and pension funds will buy the senior tranches in order to obtain a higher return than buying treasury bonds.Senior tranches pay a spread above LIBOR even if they are rate AAA. Other investors, such as hedge funds, banks or private banking organizations can sometimes prefer junior tranches such as mezzanine notes and equity notes, tranches offering yields normally not available in other fixed income products. 2) Who sell CDO and why? CDO is a form of secu ritization. When securitizing, banks manage to transfer their loans out of their balance sheets, transferring also the credit risk of these loans. The main CDOs issuers are investment banks.Transferring credit risk, banks require less capital to accomplish Basel II capital requirements. Moreover, banks will use capital ‘excess’ and the cash they receive from the loan transfer to lend again money to more attractive lenders, generating additional fees, returning higher incomes and improving RoAA and RoAE. This constituted the principal objective for Richard Mason for issuing CDOs in RBS. The second important reason for banks to issue CDOs are the commissions and the fees they earn during the CDO life.Thus, CDOs are in theory a very attractive product for originating banks which explain their development in the last decade reaching a volume of $520 billion in 2006. In practice, issuer banks transfer their loans to special purpose vehicle (SPV) that will package these loans and sell notes with interest and principal payments to the interested investors. 3) What are the main characteristics of the SEQUIL/MINCS deal described in the case? SEQUILS/MINCS is a specific structure that combines both plain vanilla and synthetic CDO structures and uses two separated SPVs.In the case, RBS sells a portfolio of loans to the SPV SEQUILS. SEQUILS will issue notes from this portfolio and sell them to investors. SEQUILS will also buy a credit default swap from Morgan Guarantee, paying a regular fee and transferring in theory the credit risk to JP Morgan. As JP Morgan will hold the risk, SEQUILS will be able to issue some notes with AAA rates even if the underlying loans were rated BB- to B+. Then, JP Morgan will back the loans with its own credit default swap while at the same time transferring the CDS to investors through a separate SPV (MINCS).By doing this it separates the funding and the credit risk on the loan portfolio into two separate pools of investors. 4) F rom a pool of loans  « below investment grade (BBB)  », the deal promise the creation of investment grade securities (some AAA and the worst is a BBB). Fantastic! How is this possible? The main objective of this structure is to transform low rating loans into higher rating notes in order to attract more investors. It also eliminates or minimizes the equity tranche, therefore, transferring the risk from the bank to a third party.The structure starts with the originating bank (RBS) owning a portfolio of loans worth $852. 5 million of low-rated loans from BB- to B+. Because RBS wants to improve its capital requirement ratios it will remove them from its balance sheet. The bank creates the first SPV, SEQUILS that is consisted of a traditional CDO structure. SEQUILS would issue low rated BB- to B+ notes to sell to investors. To achieve an investment-grade rating, SEQUILS insures its notes by a credit default swap provided by Morgan Guarantee Trust.SEQUILS would pay Morgan Guarantee a percentage of the $852. 5 million as a periodic fee using the spread. Being backed up by a highly rated entity boosts the ratings of the tranches issued by SEQUILS to AAA, AA and BBB loans. This repackaging of loans attracts more investors and minimizes the risk on RBS. The second step is to create a separate SPV, MINCS that uses a synthetic CDO structure. Morgan Guarantee Trust buys credit swaps from MINCS –the second SPV. MINCS would issue notes worth $144 million based on the original 852. 5 million-loan amounts.MINCS would provide Morgan Guarantee Trust insurance through a credit default swap 6 times its capital of $144 million (6 x 144m = 864). Therefore, investors in MINCS would be receiving higher yields, 6 times the credit swap, on the $144 million, yet they are exposed to the full risk. To boost the ratings MINCS would invest the proceeds of the $144 million into a AAA security. 5) Imagine to be a portfolio manager of a large pension fund, would you buy Mincs securi ties (the BBB ones)? What are the risks from the perspective of the investor?What are the risks from the perspective of RBS? A portfolio manager of a pension fund should invest in financial instruments with low risk since a pension fund is a scheme which provides retirement income. Buying MINCS notes means receiving higher yield but also being exposed to the full risk. In reality Morgan Guarantee Trust did not fully insure SEQUILS in case of the default of investors. It only insured 16% to 17% of this SPV (144/852. 5). If it has fully insured SEQUILS, then all the tranches created by SEQUILS could have a triple-A rating.MINCS only issued notes that are worth $144 million, which is almost 16% on the original loan portfolio. However, regardless of whether SEQUILS was partly or fully insured by Morgan Guarantee Trust, this structure keeps transferring the risk from one party to another. From RBS’s perspective, it is a good deal because the bank is not exposed to the risk anymore , the equity tranche was minimized or even eliminated and the bank obtained a better rating for its portfolio of loans.In practice, pension fund managers trusted the ratings that MINCS notes received by the rating agencies and were not fully aware the risk they were holding by buying those notes. This kind of complex structure helped to transfer the credit risk from company to another. Additionally, it was another important risk factor that was not almost taken into consideration by investors. Loans had a high default correlation with themselves. When one mortgage defaulted, many would, which would trigger many credit defaults at the same time.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Postponing Pregnancy Essay Example

Postponing Pregnancy Essay Example Postponing Pregnancy Essay Postponing Pregnancy Essay What are some of the drawbacks of postponing pregnancy? What are some of the benefits? Identify at least three of each and explain. There are many disadvantages and advantages of waiting to have children. Many couples take the time to complete their education and establish a secure career path. Working for several years may generate financial security that Is needed when providing for a family. With age, hopefully, comes wisdom and maturity that can be beneficial In raising children. Many older couples postpone families to travel and experience risks and opportunities they may otherwise not have when having to raise a family. By waiting It gives you and your spouse time to build a strong foundation for your children. The disadvantages of waiting Is (l use me as an example) you might have waited to long. Right now, I was Just released from the hospital on Sunday I am 35 and I was Just diagnosed with CHEF (congested heart failure) and was told that my lungs are very weak. Had 1 miscarriage at the age of 28 my body couldnt hold the baby and was recently told that I will never be able to give birth to a child because my heart can not bear it I would probably have a heart attack while giving birth because of the stress your heart is under. Now I wish I wouldnt have waited because I have always wanted children. There are many drawbacks of postponing pregnancy for women and men. While not everyone will experience these drawbacks, many do. There are many physiological risks in delayed pregnancy. The peak opportunity for women to normally get pregnant is in their early to mid twenties. The older a women is, the chance of fertilization decreases. A males sperm is affected by age, as well, increasing the risk of unsuccessful fertilization, Also, the quality of a womans egg decrease as she gets older and the risk of birth defects in delayed pregnancy increases. An older pregnant woman is at a higher risk of miscarriage, octopi pregnancy, fetal death, and health risks of her own such as diabetes and hypertension. Emotionally, an older mother and/or father may not have the stamina, energy, or patience needed in the demands of raising a child. The older you are, the greater risk that you will not live to see the child Into advanced or even early adulthood. Another drawback is the reduced number of children a couple will have the older they are before they start a family. This has an impact in society as a reduction In family size means less people In the true for the workforce. SOC-220, Lecture 7) There can be many benefits, as well, In delaying creating a family. Many couples take the time to complete their education and establish a secure career path. Working for several years may generate financial security that Is needed when providing for a family. With age, hopefully, comes wisdom and maturity that can be beneficial In Ralston children. Many older couples postpone families to travel and experience risks and opportunities they may otherwise not have when having to raise a family. Personally, I chose to get my doctor f chiropractic degree before getting married and having a family. This decision worked for me. However, I feel that a couple needs to weigh the pros and cons together an decide what is the best for them when starting a family. Pregnancy include thought-through pregnancies where mothers are in stable relationships, another is that its more health conscious, plan to contribute positively to society through example and the birth of their child,inspiration for research and new treatments,contribution to education and social capital and example of respect for diversity and differences these would be considered. Is said that Higher amounts of educated women over age 35 giving birth means that they are making a positive contribution to society and the economy on a number of levels through their delayed pregnancy and the birth of their child education, innovation, health, financial, and as social or human capital. Now for the disadvantages which are: unexpected pregnancy for example, an older woman may also fall pregnant unexpectedly similar to younger women, or when in menopause which is usually considered an unlikely time to conceive. There disadvantages such as older health sues, lost independence and community-support are also on the list of the cons(Medici,2014). Anythings? Q 7-2 What are some of the challenges facing a blended family? Some of the challenges facing a blended family are that it happens to be a very critical situation to deal with. They, the family, have to all learn to get a long with each other and except everyone for whom they are. The most serious thing to worry about is that the stepparents could abuse their stepchildren, especially sexually. The children have to learn how to like and accept their stepparents as another parent of heir very own. They must learn how to respect them. The kids will have to take awhile to get use to their other stepbrothers and stepsisters ways. The children will have a hard time calling their step mom, mom, and their stepfather, dad. It will be a very awkward situation since they already have a real mom and dad. Their stepparents can never replace their real parents, and they, the stepchildren, have to get the full understanding of that idea at least some point of time with their new family arrangements. There are many challenges that face blended families. I come from a difficult past in hat both my parents were married and divorced and I was a bastard child. My mom got married and I was then adopted by my step dad. My biological father married multiple times adding brothers and sisters of mine with each spouse. What can easily be noted by this is that blended family life is complex to say the least. It takes a lot of patience, love, and kindness to make it through some tough situations. In the past 10 years, however, my entire family has come to know the Lord and many relationships have been healed. A blended family is not a recipe for disaster, but I do live it takes more work and more patience then a family that is formed and maintained in the way in which Christ intended. Those who are not blended correctly, challenges may arise. Some challenges that blended families go through are children accepting the new parent, the new parent displaying favoritism over their biological children versus the step-children; and one of the biggest issues Ive seen is when the biological parent thats on the outside and the step-parent have conflict. Many times families are faces with such issues and do not know how to handle things properly. I believe that it takes very mature adults to make a blended family successful. The two biological parents should have a discussion with each other first to figure out a plan of action to make blending go smoothly. After they agree on how, they should approach the child first with the new scenario. All step-parents and biological parents should be included in decision making in regard to the children. Although they are not biological, the children will still be being raised under the step-parents care, therefore that person should be on the same page of parenting as the biological parents.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Teaching the Life Skills in Special Education

Teaching the Life Skills in Special Education Here is a list of life skills that students/children with developmental delays should be taught once they are able to learn them: Personal InformationName, address, telephone numbers, location of their paper identification, contact information. Sign InformationSigns in the community: Stop, men, women, no smoking, out of order, no loitering,exit, detour, pedestrian crossing, yield, no dogs etc. Important LabelsFlammable, poison, harmful, out of reach of children, high voltage. Knobs, dials, buttons, switches:TV, radio, stove, toasters, washer/dryer, microwave, taps, scales, handles etc. Application FormsSurname, occupation, signatures, initials, references. Finding InformationDictionaries, catalogues, internet, phonebooks, 911, location of important information etc. LabelsPrescription labels, direction labels, recipes, index, table of contents, shopping directories, calendars, important dates, holidays etc. Store TypesGrocery, laundry, hardware, drug store, restaurants, specialty, hairdresser/barber, recreation centres etc. LiteracyThank you cards, basic letters, invitation RSVPs, envelope addresses Basic LawsTraffic signs and signals, no smoking, speed limits, vandalism, noise bylaws, loitering etc. BankingAccount management, debit card use, deposits and withdrawals, writing cheques, understanding statements MoneyIdentification, change, values, coins, paper and equivalencies TimeTelling time, being on time, understanding the difference between analog and ditital, alarm clock settings, times for work, meals and sleep These are just some of the important life skills that students with developmental delays will need to be taught. Some individuals will be capable of learning more of the basic skills than others. However, these basic life skills are an important part of their curriculum. Many activities can be done to help support the learning of these activites - it may take some creativity and hands on experiences.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Intellectual Property of tradename Research Paper

Intellectual Property of tradename - Research Paper Example This paper sought to explain whether or not the fact that Gabby’s surname is Rally gives her the right to use it any way she wishes. The fact that Gabby’s surname is Rally does not give her exclusive right to use it any way she wishes. Thus, for her to use the name as her trademark she has to consider several factors other than the fact that it is her own name. However, Gabby has the right to choose any name for her Pizza business as long as it does not infringe on another person’s trade name. Nonetheless, it should be noted that not every trade name that is similar to an existing trade name may result liability for infringement. In this regard, the law may not prohibit two unrelated businesses from using a similar trade name. However, this may only be the case when the coexistence of the two trade names does not result to any risk of confusion among the public. Thus, this means that two unrelated businesses may be use a similar name as much as the above mentione d condition is upheld. For instance, Gabby operates a pizza business whereas Herman operates a car business. The two businesses are not related in any way. Therefore, on the premises of the fact that two unrelated businesses may use a similar name, Gabby may not be prohibited by the law to use the name her surname, Rally for her pizza business, notwithstanding the fact that Herman’s car business goes by a similar name. However, it is apparent that, her use for the name Rally causes confusion among the public. People end up making their pizza orders using the telephone numbers of Rally motors. This could therefore imply that, even though the name Rally is Gabby’s surname, its use jeopardizes Herman’s car business in one way or another. Thus, in this context, Gabby may not be allowed to use the name Rally in any way she may wish even though it is her surname. This is because the use of her surname for her business infringes Herman’s trade name which has alr eady gained grip in the public domain. For instance, in the case of Google v. American Blind No. 02-05340(Apr. 18, 2007), the court challenged the legality of a program by Google known as AdWords which violated the trademark law by infringing of American Blind’s trademark accusing confusion in the users of search engines as a result (Leslie, 2010). 2. Explain whether or not it matters that Rally is associated with pizza. In the selection of a trade name, it does not always matter whether the trade name is related to the product in question of not. As mentioned earlier, what matters most if whether the name infringes on other established trade names or not. Also, if someone in the same geographical area started to use the trade name long before, matters a lot as well. Thus, as much as Rally is not related to Pizza, this may not act as a constraint towards the use of that name by Gabby. To avoid infringement of someone else’ trade name, it is important to choose a trade name should be distinctive. This therefore implies that the chosen trade name may not in anyway be related to the pr

Friday, November 1, 2019

Individual report about Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Individual report about Tesco - Essay Example In the past ten years the general UK grocery market has been increasing steadily. The total grocery market has increased from  £ 93 billion in 1998 to  £ 146 billion in 2008. But following uncertainties like high unemployment, financial crisis, tight household budgets etc. the UK grocery market is facing difficulties. Though the UK grocery market has not been able to completely get rid of these uncertainties, the growth rate assumed by it is still reasonable. In 2008, the grocery market of UK was worth  £ 146 billion which is an increase of 5% from 2007. The above two sectors have given tough competition to the traditional retail, due to which the market share of it has decline to less than 5 %. Online retail channel has a very small market share in the grocery market. There are other supermarket chains in UK namely M&S, Waitrose, Iceland, etc. This report will take a look at the strategic analysis of Tesco. The main direct effect which politicians will have in shopping and retailing is through their power over the land-use planning system. Though land-use planning is a local authority matter, but national government intervene to give guidance and directions on the assessment of development proposals and opportunities. It has become difficult to obtain planning permission for developments away from existing town centres. This has emerged as a general concern among all the retailers. Retailers are also affected by many public policy which tries to regulate competition, trading conditions and safeguard consumer interest. There have been many changes like easing of restrictions on trading hours. There has been tight regulation on food stores due to concerns over public health (Saloner, Shepard and Podolny, 2008, p. 211). This is done for ensuring that the retailers do their jobs properly and to make sure that there is a level playing field. Further political parties draft legislation

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Small and medium enterprises Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Small and medium enterprises - Essay Example An SME should give the primary importance to alliance and strategic partnerships at both local and global levels in order to increase the productivity. This will give a huge boost to the yield to cost ration which is the most decisive factor in any SME as they are required to fulfill some business rules and rules to survive in the emerging economic world of today (Nelson & Prescott, 2003). The paramount reason behind these success criteria is the fact that in the ever increasing global economic scale, the SME finds itself being in some tightened conditions thus experiencing jeopardy and limiting factors in the economic growth. Alliances with some partners will not only give them important horizons and resources to get a global exposure but it will also expand the business opportunities to increase the profit and lifetime of the business initiative. A very famous concept in business studies known as transaction-cost theory should be followed in order to increase the certainty level of the success of the partnership (Yasuda, 2005). This theory illustrates and suggests that the SME should make alliance with a partner that can minimize the sum of the fixed and continual costs throughout the business process. The famous example in this case can be taken that of Austria economy which enjoys almost 99 percent of the SME initiative which were at the start partnership based. (OECD, 2005). Similarly, the other success criteria are limited target marketing because e increasing the target market at the start.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Plasmid Retention and Bacteria Growth in E Coli

Plasmid Retention and Bacteria Growth in E Coli The increasing interest by the industry in recombinant protein production has caused an intensive study in this area during the last years. However, it is well known that there are a number of issues associated with the high expression of a recombinant protein. E. coli is one of the most used organisms for this purpose. In this organism, the most common and challenging problem is the formation of inclusion bodies. Probably, an incorrect folding process provokes that the recombinant protein forms those structures. When the protein forms inclusion bodies, it is insoluble and usually useless. In order to find a proper protocol for the high production of the protein S, we have assessed the expression system which use the BL21*DE3 strain as host and the pCV05 plasmid which contains the protein S sequence fused with the His tag sequence. Growth rate, plasmid loss and recombinant expression level were assessed. We obtained a reasonable production of target protein in the insoluble fraction. Further research is needed to know whether the processing of the His tag is able to make soluble the protein from the inclusion bodies as is described by other researchers. Introduction The increasing interest by the industry in recombinant protein production (RPP), due to the number of applications it can provide, has caused an intensive study in this area in order to improve its protocols. Thus, an improvement would make possible an increment in the target protein yield and the quality production as well as to establish more efficient host and plasmid for each target protein . The most common hosts utilized in RPP are bacteria because of the capacity that they have to express almost any gen and the relative facility to modify and use their plasmids in order to produce the target protein . However, it is widely known the number of problems that these hosts have when they produce a high amount of recombinant protein. Firstly, a frequent problem is the appearance of inclusion bodies which hinder a correct recovery of the target protein produced . Secondly, the host lysis event is the other common problem in RPP in bacteria. This undesirable happening in the production of recombinant proteins can be produced for several reasons. One of them is the high level synthesis of the mRNA and the target protein . Other reasons described are the accumulation of fragments of the recombinant protein because of the proteolysis . Finally, the main cause of the problems related to RPP is the accumulation of incorrectly folded intermediates of the recombinant protein. In E. coli this fact implies general stress responses . In order to find a proper protocol for the protein S (PS) production in E. coli and know more about the RPP process, we conducted an experiment testing post-induction bacteria growth, production of target protein and plasmid retention. In this experiment the E. coli strain BL21*DE3 transformed with the plasmid pCV05 was used to express the PS fused with a C-terminal His tag (6xHis). Materials and Methods The E. coli strain BL21*DE3 transformed with the plasmid pCV05 (a derivative of pET21a plasmid) was utilized to conduct the experiment. This plasmid carries in its sequence the gene of PS fused with a C-terminal extra sequence which encodes a His tag (predicted molecular weight 60 KDa). A flask with 25 mL LB (10 g L-1 tryptone, 5 g L-1 yeast extract, 5 g L-1 NaCl) supplemented with 0.1 g L-1 carbenicillin was inoculated with a single colony of E. coli. Subsequently, this flask was incubated during 7 hours (25 °C). The next step was to inoculate the 2.5-L fermenter (ΑG CH-4103 Bottmingen ®), which contained 2 L LB supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) glucose and 0.1 g L-1 carbenicillin, with 25 mL from the flask previously inoculated and incubated during 8 hours (25 °C). Immediately before inoculate the fermenter, a sample was taken in order to use it as a blank to measure the OD650nm of the following samples. The culture was grown at 25 °C until an OD650 nm of nearly 0.6 when it was added the inducer of recombinant protein expression (IPTG). The culture was supplemented with 100  µM IPTG. After this step, the culture was grown at 25 °C during 8 hours. The pH was controlled at 7 adding 5% (v/v) HCl and 1 M NH3, and 0.03% (v/v) final concentration of silicone antifoam was added in the fermenter due to prevent foaming during the last hours of the fermentation. During that period of 8 hours, the culture was fed and samples were taken at various times. One sample was picked just before the induction (0h) and the other samples were collected at 1h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h and 7h after the induction in order to check the bacteria growth. Besides, a pellet of bacteria was obtained from those samples collected to check the amount of target protein by a 15% SDS-PAGE gel subsequently stained with 0.2% (w/v) Coomassie Blue using the NEB Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (7-175 KDa) ® as a marker. In addition, BugBuster Protein Extraction Reagent ® protocol was cond ucted for additional 0h, 3h, 4h and 8h samples due to separate the insoluble and the soluble protein fractions from the bacteria and assess them by SDS-PAGE as described above. On the other hand, 0h, 3h and 7h samples were plated onto non selective nutrient agar (NA) and later replicated onto NA supplemented with 0.1 g L-1 carbenicillin in order to assess the plasmid retention of the bacteria. Results Inducer effect in Bacteria growth It was conducted a measurement of OD650 nm of the culture during the 8h-period of growth. In order to conduct that assessment, samples were collected immediately before the induction (0h) and 1h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h after the induction with IPTG. After the IPTG induction the culture grew slowly until time 3h. After that time, the growth rate was increased significantly until time 5h. However, at this time the culture presented a decrease in growth until time 7h. The growth dropped specially between time 5h and 6h (Fig. 1). Plasmid retention To assess how the E. coli strain BL21*DE3 retains the pCV05 plasmid after the IPTG induction, samples from the fermenter were collected at time 0h, 3h and 7h post-induction. Serial dilutions of these samples were plated onto non selective NA and subsequently replicated onto NA supplemented with carbenicillin. The relation between the colonies grown on NA plates and the colonies grown in NA supplemented with carbenicillin give the % of plasmid retention. The plasmid retention was hardly altered during the period of 7 hours post-induction assessed. Unexpectedly, according to the results obtained, the plasmid retention 3 hours after the induction is higher than the rate at time 0h. Regarding the time 7h, the plasmid retention percentage is much lower than in time 0h and 3h (Fig. 2). Target protein yield In order to compare the target protein yield during the growth of the culture, samples were collected immediately before the induction (0h) and different times post-induction (1h, 2h, 3h, 4h and 5h). In addition, insoluble and soluble fractions for time 0h, 3h, 4h and 8h were obtained in order to know if the target protein was correctly folded (protein in soluble fraction) or incorrectly folded (insoluble fraction). These samples were assessed in a SDS-PAGE gel. According to the SDS-PAGE profiles, although the PS::His band should be around 60 KDa, in this experiment the target band seems to be below the expected weight (Fig. 3). Regarding the total protein assessment, this band shows a gradual increase in its intensity from time 3h to time 5h post-induction. However, at time 0h, 1h, 2h after induction there was not significant production of the recombinant protein (Fig. 3a). As for the soluble and insoluble fraction samples, the SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a higher intensity of the target protein band in the insoluble fraction than in the soluble fraction of the times 8h, 4h and 3h. At those times, the intensity of the recombinant protein band for insoluble fraction samples is almost impossible to appreciate. The same occurs for the soluble and insoluble fraction samples at time 0h (Fig. 3b). Overall, according to the results of the SDS-PAGE profiles, there was a significant recombinant protein production since the time 3h after the induction with IPTG. On the other hand, it seems to be that there was not a proper target protein folding because the recombinant protein could be found in the insoluble fraction rather than in the soluble fraction. Discussion The main cause of an incorrect folding of the recombinant protein when a high yield is conducted is well known. The accumulation of misfolded protein intermediates causes considerable stress in the host cell . A wide range of different strategies have been conducted in order to solve this problem . It has been described that the use of IPTG-inducible T7 RNA polymerase system in the BL21 strain to produce high concentrations of recombinant protein usually implies a high level of post-induction stress . The solution proposed by some researchers is select mutants which have lower expression rates of the recombinant protein . Other researchers have opted for limiting the concentration of inducer used . Nowadays, the establishment of general protocols and host for the different target proteins is still a challenge. In this experiment, we have assessed the capacity of the E. coli strain BL21*DE3 to produce a high amount of PS fused with a C-terminal His tag as well as the bacteria growth during the process and the plasmid retention. According to the first part of the results, the bacteria growth rate changed during the 7 hours of fermentation. It is described that the high amount of recombinant protein in the cell causes stress response. This stress response implies that the growth rate of the culture turned into a negative rate (the number of cells in the culture decreases) . The data collected from other groups conducting the same experiment shows that this event has happened in 2 groups but the other 3 groups have a different growth pattern (Fig. 4). Technical issues may explain this incongruity between the different results obtained. Regarding the plasmid retention, the data obtained in this experiment suggest that because of the stress suffered by the cells when the recombinant protein levels are higher, the cells tend to have a lower rate of plasmid retention. An explanation may be that the bacteria with the plasmid suffer a higher stress due to the induction by the IPTG, and thus, they have less chance to survive than the bacteria which accidentally do not have the plasmid. Therefore, the bacteria suffer a selective pressure which results in a plasmid loss and it is more obvious after several hours of growth. Analyzing the data obtained by other colleagues, it is supported that there is a relation between the time after the induction and the plasmid retention rates (Table 1). As for the PS::His yield, the data shows that in the BL21*DE3 strain using pCV05 as a plasmid and with the conditions described before, this expression system needs 3 hours to start expressing the recombinant protein. After that time, it seems that the most part of the target protein is in the insoluble fraction. Regarding the total protein samples assessment, the relative amount of target protein produced by the cultures of the all groups was the same (Table 2). However, the recombinant protein is still in the insoluble fraction after the BugBuster Protein Extraction Reagent protocol. Probably, some of the proteins from the insoluble fraction were forming inclusion bodies . It is described that after the expression of the protein removing the His tag makes the recombinant protein more soluble and thus, it is possible to dissolve the inclusion bodies and recover a functional recombinant protein . Furthermore, the His tag allows an easier purification of the protein due to the affinit y of this polypeptide for metal ions . In order to confirm those statements for PS, it would be necessary to conduct purification and a proteolysis process of the His tag in order to assess whether the efficiency of this expression system is cost-effective and the amount of protein obtained is enough. The conclusion of these data is that this expression system for the PS yield could be a good and profitable system whether the His tag added finally allows to recover the recombinant protein from the inclusion bodies. Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr Claire Vine, Dr Ian Cadby and Dr Jeff Cole for the excellent support given as well as the rest of the groups which conducted the same experiment because they have contributed to the experiment with very valuable data.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Amos 9 :: essays research papers fc

Exegetical Paper: Amos 9:5-10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -I will be examining Amos 9:5-10 The message that the author is trying to convey in Amos 9:5-10 is that YHWH has proven himself to the people to be a trustworthy and loyal God. He helped resurrect Israel, the Philistines and the Arameans. In turn these people, particularly the Israelites, have betrayed his trust by acting sinfully toward the kingdom of Israel. The Lord YHWH will judge those people of Israel who are called to do right but who choose to do wrong. The wrongdoers being those that have acted sinfully. Amos, in vision, saw the Lord standing upon the altar at Bethel. God has come for one thing and one thing alone, judgment. There is no escaping the Lord now, for wherever he stands, one can be seen. YHWH has an inescapable presence. Those whom he opposes can find no shelter; wherever they go, his eyes will follow. Wherever sinners flee from YHWH’s justice, it will overtake them. Not only does God have an inescapable presence, he also has the power to do virtually anything imaginable with the Earth. As mentioned in Amos 9:5-6: â€Å"The Lord, the LORD Almighty, he who touches the earth and it melts, and all who live in it mourn—the whole land rises like the Nile, then sinks like the river of Egypt—he who builds his lofty palace in the heavens and sets its foundation on the Earth, who calls for the waters of the sea and pours them out over the face of the land—the LORD is his name.† Those whom sin or rebel against God will seek an unwanted response. W hether that unwanted resonse be an earthquake, volcano or any other natural disaster. If one is respectful of YHWH they will be respected back in turn and will someday be brought to heaven. Those whom God brings to heaven by his grace, shall never be cast down; but those who seek to climb up by vain confidence in themselves, will be cast down and filled with shame and embarrassment. That which makes escape impossible. YHWH will set his eyes upon them for evil, not for good. If one is honestly sin-free they will someday find heaven but as for those whom have sinned and then turn around and to try and make it up to the Lord, they will never seek his approval therefore not resorting to heaven.