Monday, September 30, 2019

An Investigation Of Nigerian Consumer’s Online Shopping Behaviour

Abstract This research proposal deals with an investigation of the online shopping behaviour among Nigerians living abroad. It has been established from research that a few Nigerians embrace technology in doing business. The research paper starts with an introduction about the problem statement to be addressed in the research. The objective is to find out the factors that contribute to the unique online shopping behaviour among the Nigerians. The proposal highlights trends to be investigated that are online shopping in Nigeria. Data to be used in the research will be gathered through the use of a questionnaire given at random to 100 respondents. The obtained data will be analyzed based on the scaled factors given for each response by the participants. The representative sample gives the best results because it uses respondents of diverse fields who are in a position to use online shopping systems. The results can be used by any developing country because the online shopping trends for developing countries are the same. 1. Introduction The nature of how individuals do business has changed from time to time due to individual needs and the emerging business technologies. Electronic commerce is one of the recent forms of online shopping that has been adopted by many business individuals in the world. According to Ghosh (1997, p. 1), â€Å"E-commerce provides consumers the ability to bank, invest, purchase, distribute, communicate, explore, and research from virtually anywhere an Internet connection can be obtained.† Therefore, electronic commerce can be defined as doing business through the internet. This trend of doing business has gained momentum in the global business world because of the increased web advertising (Jackson et al. 2003). This research proposal aims at determining the effect of web advertising on the Nigerian consumer’s online shopping behaviour.1.1. E-commerce development in NigeriaThe basis of electronic commerce depends on the level of technology in a country. Nigeria is a developin g country that has experienced improvements in its technological aspect in the recent past with a total population of about 16 % embracing the use of the internet (Internet World Stats, 2009). However, most of the Nigerians have not exploited the full potential of using the internet fully. In addition, the recent advancement of technology has enabled many Nigerians to see the need to embrace technology in doing business. As such, internet usage has started gaining familiarity among the Nigerians. A research by Folorunso et al. (2006, p. 2226) shows that only 32% of Nigerians who had heard about electronic commerce had embraced the technology. This low number of Nigerians using the internet to do business may contribute to the Nigerian online shopping behaviour.1.2. Problem statementThe use of the internet in doing business in Nigeria is slower than other countries in the world. This is contrary to the vital importance provided by the use of the internet in advertising the product. M ost of the Nigerians are ignorant about online shopping, but those who embrace the internet do not prefer to do online shopping because they assume products advertised in the internet are either expensive or strange to their traditional culture. This consumer behaviour has reduced efforts of globalization into the Nigerian markets. The question, then, is what should be done about this online consumer behaviour to promote globalizationResearch objectivesThis research is carried out to find out the online shopping behaviour among the Nigerians. The objectives of the study will be: To Investigate the behaviour of online shopping among Nigerians Determine whether web advertising has an influence to the online shopping behaviour among Nigerians. To investigate the risks associated with online shopping.1.3. Research structureThis research will start by introducing the problem statement why it is an important study among the Nigerians. This will be followed by outlining the objectives of the study. The existing literature review sets to give the research the basis on which the factors being studied will be based. The methodology section will propose a how the factors can be investigated and why the chosen methods for study are preferred. Lastly the research will highlight the limitations that are likely to affect the results of the study and how they can be reduced to make the results more validated. The main chapters will be as follows; Introduction Literature Review Methodology Data Analysis and Findings Conclusions and Recommendations 2. Literature review Folorunso et al. (2006, p.2224) suggested that the factors that affect online shopping behaviour are: â€Å"establishing cost, accessibility, privacy and confidentiality, data security, network reliability, credit card threat, authenticity, citizens’ income and education.† The shopping behaviour of Nigerians living abroad is unique as it can be identified as unique among the rest. Among the factors suggested by Folorunso income levels and data security was established as the major factors contributing to the unique behaviour of the Nigerians. In another research by Ayo (2006, p.2), he argued that cyber-crime as the major factor behind the low rate of adopting the electronic commerce technology. Further, other important factors have been established as contributing to this unique behaviour among the Nigerians. These factors are inferior online payment methods, lack of trust in web retailers, poor technological infrastructures, and fear of insufficient security in online environments (Adeshina & Ayo, 2010). In contrast to the slow rate at which online shopping has been embraced by the Nigerians, they have increased use of electronic banking and payment systems as they regard these technology issues as more secure. The major use of electronic banking is to pay bills, money transfer activities and obtaining banking statements at any time they wish to have the statements for their daily activities. The major factors identified on the previous research do not point to the exact situation because even through the electronic banking services provided by this technology, users are also likely to be exposed cyber crimes (Egwali, 2009). Advertising is used as a marketing strategy to familiarise the consumers to the products in the market. In a global market, advertising through the internet gives the consumers an avenue to consider a varied field of products that will satisfy their specific demand. Although internet advertising comes with a lot of advantages to both the consumer and the advertising agency, it has not been fully embraced in the Nigerian market. This indicates that the consumers in the Nigerian market have varied perceptions about web advertising. According to Wohn and Korgaonkar (2003), â€Å"males exhibit more positive beliefs about web advertising and more positive attitudes toward web adverting than females. Additionally, male are more likely than females to purchase from the web and surf the web for functional and entertainment reasons, whereas females are more likely to surf the web for shopping reasons.† From these findings, it can be deduced that there are specific online shopping behav iour among Nigerians. The research will carry out a detailed review of the existing literature on the behaviour of online shopping among Nigerians. The researcher will critically analyse the literature both that are in support of the research and those that are not. 3.Methodology This research will use qualitative approach to establish an in-depth description of the problem of the study. This method will be the most appropriate because it does not apply any mathematical judgment of the results (Higgs & Cherry, 2009). According to Miles and Huberman (1994), qualitative approach is the best because it is concerned with meaningful characteristics, stories, visual renders, observations and words. This study will be based on the individual behaviour on online shopping. Consequently, the research sample will be identified among them Nigerian Diaspora students, professionals and business people. The research sample will be conducted to 100 Nigerians. The research sample gives a good study population because of the sample size. In addition, the use of this type of respondents will give basis to the research because these are people who have the know-how of technological matters. Additionally, since online shopping is based on the use of technology this type of respondents is the best research population because they are quite aware of the online shopping activities using the internet. Thus, the results of the findings will give a true reflection of the real behaviour of the Nigerians online shopping.3.1.Research approach and strategyThe research will be conducted for 100 Nigerian. The respondents will be selected at random both that live in UK and those that are in Nigeria. The respondents will be supplied with questionnaires to investigate their onli ne shopping behaviour. The data that will be used in this study will be sourced from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data will be collected by sending questionnaires to the respondents. The researcher will conceal the identity of all respondents for confidentiality purposes. All respondents will be given unique ID numbers like P1, P2, and P3 that will represent participant one, two and three respectively. Secondary data will be collected from existing literature that is in the public domain. This means that there will be no permission sought to access the materials or cost incurred to collect data.3.2.Data collectionThe data for this research will be collected through the use of questionnaires. The questionnaires will be subdivided into three sub-groups as follows: online shopping, electronic commerce and internet usage. Each of the sub-categories will be aiming to investigate the behaviour of online shopping among Nigerians. (See appendix 1)3.3.Data analysisQualitat ive study does not involve numerical values, and thus, an analysis tool will be used that will give correct interpretation and description while at the same time avoiding biases (Sewell, 2008). Therefore, the data will be analysed using case descriptions of the phenomenon. A detailed report will then be developed based on the analysis of the data collected through questionnaires. After, conclusions will be drawn from the analysis of the study, and more so the researcher will give recommendations that for future studies.3.4. Ethical issuesThe ethical issue in this research study will be to keep the anonymity of the respondents. Each of the involved respondent’s information will be treated with great privacy based on individual data protection policy.3.5.Research limitationsThe sample used to represent the Nigerians is comparably small. A bigger representative sample should be used to determine the real factors. The random sampling method is good, but is faced with the challe nge of some respondents failing to cooperate. The best approach would be to administer the questionnaire directly to the respondents to ensure that there is 100% response from the targeted representative sample. 4.Conclusion This research is an important finding that can be used to implement developmental changes in developing countries. Nigeria is one of the developing countries and the trends shown by its abroad citizens can be used as a model for other developing countries. Also, since technology implementation in the business environment is inevitable then it is important to identify these factors in order to make the required adjustments to make the developing countries able to embrace technology. The representative sample will give accurate results of the research study because it will use a study population that can embrace technology. References Adeshina, A & Ayo, C .2010. An Empirical Investigation of the Level of Users. Acceptance of E-Banking in Nigeria. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 15 (1), 1-13. Egwali, A. 2009. Customers Perception of Security Indicators in Online Banking Sites in Nigeria. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 14 (1), 1-15. Folorunso, O et al. 2006. Factors Affecting the Adoption of E-commerce: A Study in Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences, 6 (10), 2224-2230. Ghosh, A .1997. Securing E-Commerce: A Systematic Approach. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 1-4. Internet World Stats, 2009. Nigeria Internet Usage and Telecommunications Reports. Retrieved from . Jackson, P. et al. 2003. e-Business Fundamentals. London: Dorset House Publishing Company. Miles, M.B. & Huberman, A.M. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook, 2ndedn, Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Sewell, M., 2008. The Use of Qualitative Interviews in Evaluation, Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona. Sewell, M., 2008. The Use of Qualitative Interviews in Evaluation, Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona. Wohn, L & Korgaonkar, P 2003, Web advertising: gender differences, gender differences in belief, attitude and behavior. Florida: MCB UP. Appendix 1 The questionnaire Online shopping Have you been using online shopping in Nigeria? Do you use online shopping in the UK? If yes how many times did you shop online while in Nigeria per week? How many sites do you visit per week while in the UK or Nigeria? What products do you shop for with this service in Nigeria or the UK? What are the risks associated with online shopping? 2.0 Electronic commerce Have you been using electronic commerce while in Nigeria? Do you still use electronic shopping in the UK? If not, what are the reasons? What functions do you use the service for in Nigeria or the UK? 3.0 Internet usage Do you use internet regularly? What do you use the internet for? Do you think there are risks associated with internet usage? How often do you use the internet for online shopping?

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Sample Cover Letter

Sample Cover Letter #1 Your Name Address City, State ZIP Code Phone Date Name/Address of Person Receiving your letter Dear Person’s Name: I am very interested in the Fitness Director position opening at the Los Gatos Sports and Wellness facility. I have a strong educational background and several professional health and fitness experiences which I feel uniquely qualify me for this job opportunity. I am currently a certified personal trainer and am completing my degree in Exercise Science at the University of New Mexico. My education and professional background has provided me extensive organizational and managerial experience.For instance, in my internship at CitiWorld I helped to established the fitness class program, market it, and was closely involved in designing the assessment and prescription exercise system now utilized. My Bachelor’s Degree in Exercise Science is a comprehensive education in anatomy, kinesiology, management concepts in sport and fitness settings , worksite wellness, fitness assessment and prescription, stress testing, EKG, and athletic training. I have also taken courses related to fitness for special populations, such as the elderly.I enjoy working in the fitness industry and feel I am most capable of developing great rapport with the people I help. I am reliable and dependable and take great pride in my performance as a professional. I am committed to working hard and seeing the challenges I accept lead to successful outcomes. In addition, I am an energetic team player who works well with co-workers and colleagues. Thank you for providing this opportunity. I would enjoy being a part of your organizational team and look forward to speaking with you in the near future. Sincerely,

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Beer Consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beer Consumption - Essay Example The fact that beer was accidentally formed was also a shock to me. The amount of beer consumed in the world today is of a huge quantity and I expected it to be much lower. In United Kingdom still a large amount of beer is consumed as primarily this state was one of the state which gained major profits through barley. According to me barley was a common crop and could not provide huge profits to a specified state. The beer consumed all over the world shows the importance of the crop which was previously unknown to me. Furthermore, the fact that Egyptians even used beer for medicinal purposes was also a shock as modern science concludes that beer can be harmful to healthy activities. The accidental formation of beer was unexpected as it was expected that beer came into existence after a long study, however beer was formed in the quest of storing grain. Barley and Malt have played an important role in the economics of the United Kingdom and beer is an important product used through out the world. It can also be known that beer has decreased the rate of hard alcohol consumers through out the world. The immense consumption of beer through out the world is known by reading the essay. Furthermore the advent of the beer can also be known by reading the essay. The use of beers was firstly limited but after a certain span of time it expanded through out the world. It has been a product which is used on celebrations also. If beer did not exist in the world the whole social environment of this world would be changed. What one thing does a reader know The reader knows that beer is used for celebratory purposes through out the world and it is an important product of this world. What is the most important detail, quote, fact idea in the draft The draft tells about the advent of malt and how beer came into existence. It tells how the use of beer expanded from a small region through out the world and how it is valued in the world today. Furthermore it tells through this quote that it was also used for medicinal purposes in the lower classes "it [beer] constituted a considerable portion of the medieval diet, particularly in the lower classes" (Geary, 1983: 181). It tells about the consumption of beer as analyzed by Franklin in England. What do you itch to explore through revision The revision would further detail about the history of beer. It would tell how the whole world came to know about the product. It would gather the facts as to what the total consumption of beer is in the world today and how it matters to the society. The disadvantages of beer would also be analyzed in the final draft so it can possibly tell the readers how it is affecting the society in a negative way. It would further conclude if beer is changing the environment of this world in the right or the wrong path. What single message may the final draft deliver The final draft would tell whether or not beer can be termed as important in the world

Friday, September 27, 2019

Internet Based Research & Analysis on Business Article Paper

Internet Based & Analysis on Business Article - Research Paper Example How I asked myself can such an established brand with such established resources and consistent revenues fail? Numerous reasons were stated however one of these was ineffective planning for Wal-Mart’s launch into an international market. The element of failure in the operations conducted by corporations is what led me towards the selection of this article. (Intelligent Growth: Why Failure Breeds Winners by Corporate Executive board, December 7, 2010). The perspective that the Corporate Executive board depicts is one that endorses the concept of Intelligent Growth, which is a basic concentration on simultaneous sales growth as well as profit margin expansion. The writers take on breeding success out of failure is merely his depiction of the fact that through Intelligent Growth Planning, that is planning not only for success but also for failure, organizations can minimize the cost of any foreseeable failure a venture undertakes. Intelligent Growth Planning might sound straightforward and simple in its theoretical application with its incorporation of sales growth, the increase in sales over a period of time, and margin expansion, an increase in the margin of profit a company is generating. However the author brings to our attention that ‘Less than 10% of companies have managed this balancing act over the past 13 years,’ and how we may ask have they achieved this? Yes that’s right their senior managers spend as much time thinking about failure as victory – efficient planning and strategizing. ‘If you fail to plan you plan to fail’ is a well known quotation that can sum up and endorse what the author is trying to highlight here. A 2009 experiment carried out by the Corporate Executive Boards Finance and Strategy Practice sanctions this statement with the findings it produced. Using 1500 of the world’s largest corporations and judging their performance on cases of EBITDA margin, a

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Ebay cultural analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ebay cultural analysis - Essay Example These elements that define the culture of an organization are not constant, they change with time and it is the change of these elements that define culture change and hence the reputation and direction of the company. There are several cultural changes that have been initiated in EBay since its inception and these changes have resulted to a number of implications. The first cultural change initiated by the company was not localized to the company but to the whole world. The company changed the way the world does business. It initiated transitions from buying and selling physical commodities to a wide extension of commodities that include diverse services. The company also revolutionized the payments methods in business transactions y introducing paperless cash transfers such as PayPal (Griffin 2012, p 79). This is an online payment method that allows buyers and sellers to purchase and sell commodities online without handling cash. This has not only improved the efficiency of carryin g out business transactions, but it has also enhanced security in business. The company has also initiated a communication culture between its employees and its customers. In the early days of the inception of the company, there had been poor communication strategies and many customers filled the company’s website with messages filled with dissatisfaction. Therefore, the company introduced a strong culture of communication by creating several interfaces and platforms of communication between the company and its employees (Ashkanasy 2011, p 82). The company also included the use of social media and channels in its communication culture with its employees and this assertion is attributed to the rapid changes in the levels of technology in the world. The other culture change that has been observed in the company is its responsiveness to its shareholders. The company initiated a mechanism that will ensure that all the concerns of their shareholders are met within the shortest tim e possible (Bevan & Wengrow 2010, p 18). The company changed its buyer and seller cultures a great deal by adding the aspect of shareholders involvement so as to include them in its short term and long term development plans. All the above described cultural changes that took place in EBay had a number of implications that accompanied them and the business environment as a whole. These were both positive and negative implications as will be described below. Taking a look at some of the positive implications that impacted the organization was increase in the number of products. This in return led to increase in the number of sales and consequently, increase revenue collection (Halal 2005, p 59). This was extremely significant as it led to overall increase in overall business turnover. All these continued to provide more energy in terms of financial resource to stir up the organization in the quest of attaining their set goals and objectives. In addition to this, there was improvement of interpersonal relationship between the staff, both junior and senior managerial staff. The flow of information significantly improved as a result of these cultural changes and as a result business could be carried out in a well orderly fashion and thus led to increase in quality of service. The customer is always the determining factor in any business entity. Therefore, by the organization having the capability offer quality services and goods,

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Innovation policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Innovation policy - Essay Example 3). "In addition to the industrial policies that governments pursue in line with their political philosophies and models of economic growth, some governments develop public policies with varying degrees of explicitness, intended to encourage innovation" (Dodgson and Bessant 1996, p.23). To illustrate the role of government in the process of innovation, Shonfield (1981) postulated as his point of entry that public policy-makers need not, or more strongly should not, be concerned with economic innovation, and the to ask what conditions have to be fulfilled by market processes to secure an optimum outcome. This was his first step in his argument: even if it could be shown that the market process was deficient, it would not follow that intervention by public authorities would produce a better answer. Shonfield goes on saying that if markets were to go on their own without intervention from the government as to how they would manage the scientific environment, markets should be able to provide innovators the necessary environment for them to carry their work. This would include the necessary perks to encourage people to innovate. As discussed by Shonfield (1981, p.4), another problem is the measurement: calculating social preference. Social preference here means which projects the society wants to prioritize and those types of innovations that the society wants to set aside for the moment This is partly because market signals are necessarily limited to expressing the preferences of contemporaries. Shonfield's third requirement is that markets must be able to regulate the effects of economic innovation on public goods. On the other hand, Branscomb and Florida (1999) cited the importance of the government's role in support of science and technology on regulating the two kinds of so-called "spillovers." "Knowledge spillovers (italics mine) derive from the public good nature of knowledge, combined with the difficulty of keeping economically useful knowledge secret when it is profitably exploited. Such spillovers can be derived from reverse engineering, when some aspects of a competitor's technology may be discovered by examining how the product is made. Even negative information, the abandonment of a line of work by a respected competitor, for example, can be a useful spillover of his decision" (Branscomb and Florida 1999, p. 30). Branscomb and Florida's second type of spillover is the consumer surplus spillover, which results from the creation of new goods or the improvement of existing ones. "The innovator captures only part of the consumer value in the sales price; there may be a social surplus that exceeds the innovator's profit. Research tends to generate more knowledge spillovers, which is a reason for government support, but research, by itself, cannot generate more knowledge spillovers. Private firms have inadequate incentives (to varying degrees, depending on market structure and other considerations) to take new ideas to market. Furthermore, the transfer of potential useful ideas from the government or university

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Restoring the British Museum. Main change challenges faced by the Neil Essay

Restoring the British Museum. Main change challenges faced by the Neil McGregor from the time of his appointment in 2002 - Essay Example However, the charismatic manager exhibited numerous management and leadership qualities that countered the opposition thereby earning him the success he enjoyed. Among the major factors that threatened his success included the lack of motivation exhibited by the employees. The fact that the museum had announced a job cut that would affect more than one hundred and fifty employees of the museum demoralized the entire workforce owing to the anxiety that resulted from the announcement. Motivation refers to a set of mindset that influences the performance of the human resource in an organization. The state of the mind is a fundamental influencer of productivity since it varies the fears an individual feels thereby affecting their productivity (Mills, 1988). The other major challenge the manager faced at the facility was the cultural clash in the existing management. The structure of management that included two managers both of whom were competing for roles and responsibilities created a major confusion in the organization’s culture that threatened the future of the museum. Coupled with the unmotivated employees, Neil McGregor inherited a stagnating facility that would take more than zeal and charisma to revitalize. Neil McGregor inherited such a sluggish workforce. This became his greatest challenge since he could not reverse the mindset of the employees. One hundred and fifty is such a large number that would not only decrease the size and efficiency of the workforce but also threatened the success of Neil McGregor. Prior to his arrival at the facility, the museum had about one thousand five hundred employees. Despite such a large workforce, the rumor of one hundred and fifty employees losing their jobs threatened most of the employees who thus became withdrawn and unmotivated. Each of the employees moved about sluggishly waiting for their retrenchment. The fact the employees who faced the job cut had nothing to lose makes them among the most difficult to

Monday, September 23, 2019

Interpersonal Relationship with Boss Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interpersonal Relationship with Boss - Assignment Example This research tells that the biggest current pressure that Dr. Khalifa was going through is in responding to regulatory compliance issues within his campuses that are below the required student-employment rates. He also suggested that he is under pressure in reducing expenses religion wide. Outside his working condition, he told me that he is passionate about cycling and reading. Dr. Khalifa said that he enjoyed reading but could not cycle due to health problems. He has expertise in the medical sector as a medical doctor and had practiced it in the Middle East. He concurred to this and added that he is also an expert in computer repair and global finance activities. With a lot of care in delivering the lack of expertise to Dr. Khalifa, I suggested that he lacked people skills which he gladly accepted and said that he needed to work on his approach with people. Growth which entails quality and integrity was the vision for the organization according to my assessment. In spite of this, he added it was the same vision region-wide. My assessment revealed that He would be very angered if his subordinates did not follow his specific rules. He added that his disappointment would be felt if someone lied to him. Dr. Khalifa expects me to handle small issues that arose on my own. On the contrary, when major problems occur, he expects me to be as thorough and transparent in explaining to him the problem matter as well as involving him in the solution aspect of it. This should be documented to his satisfaction. In matters of compromise, he said he has zero tolerance for dishonesty and lack of integrity. He added that he will not tolerate being blindsided. He said that he has always had the fear of being segregated in important communication. A great day at work was one that was productive in driving results. Although my assessment was not ruled out, he added that he preferred that every day ends with a learning opportunity to better at what we do. I however disagreed with h is responses as his actions/ behavior differed with his answer.

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Normative Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Normative Ethics - Essay Example It is unfortunate if doctors or other concerned individuals would allow the mother to die just because abortion is not morally permissible. The mother can conceive again and luckily enough give birth to a healthy child but if neglected to die, such acts would remain in the guilty conscience of those involved for a longer time. Such cases occur in the event that the mother is not feeling well, the fetus has some terminal illness that might affect the mother, or the fetus is dead. Removing it from the womb would be beneficial to the mother physically. Most people nowadays especially the younger generations abort for the wrong reasons. Probably the individuals practiced unsafe sex resulting into unwanted pregnancies. Rather than keeping the baby and maybe giving it up for adoption after giving birth, the individuals decide to terminate the pregnancies. In other cases, married women decide to abort in the event that an unplanned pregnancy kicks in which they know their husbands would not approve. Others cheat on their husbands and abort when they get pregnant with the other man’s child. Such cases of abortion should not be morally permissible despite the justification such individuals try to make on the acts. I believe that if the health of the mother is not at stake, individuals should just carry the pregnancy to term and give the baby out for adoption if they do not need it. Actually, some couples out there cry themselves to sleep since they can never conceive. Ironically, others carelessly abort even as many as seven times before settling down and getting serious with life. Such individual women may fail to conceive later in their lives since in the process of so many abortions, they could have damaged their womb. From there, guilty conscience starts to eta them up with lots. Therefore, individual women should be careful if they do not wish to get pregnant; they should refrain or use the various birth control methods in the

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Helicopter Experiment Essay Example for Free

Helicopter Experiment Essay Prediction: As the mass on the helicopter’s copters increases, the speed taken for the rotors to spin down faster, this is because there will be more downward pull from gravity, as the terminal velocity for a paper helicopter is low. Variables: Independent variable will be the mass that we change throughout the experiment. The dependant variable will be the time that we measure for the helicopter to reach the floor. Finally the controlled variables include, the helicopter itself. As well as the height from which the helicopter is released. Apparatus: Paper, Scotch tape, Scissors, Ruler Method: Create a helicopters rotors using take and paper use the diagram to help you Apparatus: 2 meter rulers, one stop watch, one balance, 3 paper clips, pencil. Method: 1) Using both the meter rulers and a pencil make a mark on the wall. 2) Weigh the helicopter then record its weight 3) Hold the paper helicopter parallel to the mark on the wall 4) At the same time release the helicopter and start the stopwatch 5) Stop the stop watch when the helicopter touches the ground 6) Weigh the first paper clip and record its weight 7) Attach the paper clip to helicopter and repeat the experiment 8) Weigh the second paper clip and record its weight 9) Attach the paper clip to helicopter and repeat the experiment 10) Weigh the final paper clip and record its weight 11) Attach the paper clip to helicopter and repeat the experiment Conclusion and Evaluation: In this experiment my prediction was right, therefore proving that the helicopter may reach its terminal velocity faster with higher mass meaning that the speed is greater therefore it allows the helicopter to reach the  ground faster if there is more mass. There are two major flaws in this experiment, the first being the height from which the helicopter is dropped, as it is held away from the mark of 2m therefore it would have inaccuracies of around 10cm this causes the experiment results to vary. Another flaw being the human reaction time, which is pretty slow and inconsistent, this therefore allows us to stop the stopwatches at the wrong time making the experiment inaccurate. If more time was available, a string could have been hung from the ceiling as a mark of height therefore allowing us to accurately drop the helicopter from the same height, rather than dropping it from an *estimated* 2m. The solution for the wrong human reaction time could be easily solved by the use of light gates. The liht gates could be placed on the floor, and when the helicopter lands, the light will be disrupted therefore allowing the sensor to accurately measure the time taken for the helicopter to reach the ground. The graph is showing us that the speed and mass of a helicopter are directly proportional as when mass increases so does speed. However the graph had not been a perfect straight line, this could have been caused by the two inaccuracies pointed out from the experiment

Friday, September 20, 2019

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Tesco

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in Tesco Customers have always been the main source of profit to a business. In order to retain and attract consumer, the company should practice on Customer Relationship Management  [1]  which is a strategy that have always been practicing by most of the businesses worldwide to gain a greater profit. Tesco which is one of the largest linked hypermarkets are also applying the similar strategy to gain more profit. Hereby a research is conducted on how customer relationship management strategies are used by Tesco as a tool to assist them in pursuing their sales growth. First approach towards CRM is by targeting the employee efficiency and consumer behavior. Employees of a company always reflect a companys image and the management of a company. In order to have a good image reflection of a company from consumers, employees should have a positive attitude towards consumers and practice to be efficient on treating consumers well. For instance, a consumer would like to acquire the location of a product from a Tesco employee and the Tesco employee politely assists them to the location they acquire. These positive attitude and efficiency on treating consumer will create a friendly environment to consumer whereby they will feel much comfort purchasing from Tesco. In order to create a friendly environment to consumers, Tesco will provide training to newly employed employees which are chosen after being filtered based on their behavioral test. By targeting the people surrounding the consumers, it will greatly decrease the chances whereby consumers will choo se to purchase similar product which could be purchased from Tesco from another grocer shop. Consumers behavior should be taken as a factor in order to retain and increase profit. Consumer will always want to try new things and this would be a great impact to the profit of Tesco. For instance, a new GAINT Hypermarket is build nearby Tesco. Consumers will start changing location to GAINT where it is newly build. This type of phenomena could not be changed because each consumer has a high curiosity in trying new things. To ensure that consumer will be loyal to Tesco, Tesco should create monthly event to attract consumers coming back to Tesco and provide consumers with new things since their curiosity are high. Secondly in approaching CRM is by targeting the product and promotion of a company. Tesco had been practicing Total Quality Management  [2]  to ensure that the products that they are selling to consumers are the best product that the consumer need. Other than that, Tesco also produces product of their own and selling the product which is similar to the other product at a lower retail price. These are other factors that will affect the profit of Tesco. In order to retain the current consumers in Tesco, Tesco products are being sold at the lowest retail price whereby the products created by Tesco will also undergo the same process of quality test before being sold at Tesco. This is to boost up the confidence in consumers so that they would not be practically having a thought that products created by Tesco are bad. Besides having their own product, the kitchen groceries at Tesco are always fresh. It is always fresh because the kitchen groceries are always freshly delivered to Tesco daily so that consumers can purchase fresh kitchen groceries as fresh as the one being sold at the market. In order to make sure that consumers are able to get fresh groceries, Tesco are always starting their business as early as 8 a.m. where no other grocer shops are open besides the market. Other than that, this will also create a great perception of Tesco and providing an idea of listing Tesco as their 1st priority grocer to purchase groceries. Besides that, the prices of the groceries sold at Tesco are the cheapest of among Tescos competitors such as GAINT, JUSCO and CAREFOUR. The price of grocer have been increasing day by day due to the drop in the world economy but this phenomena still does not affect the price of product at Tesco. These have been one of the greatest strength of Tesco and also one of the main attractions for consumers to go to Tesco. Other than that, the promotions made at Tesco are cheaper than its competitor because most of Tesco competitors are selling promotion product based on a concept of purchase with purchase  [3]  whereby the product consumer desire have to be purchase after purchasing other product at the retail shop. By not practicing the strategy of purchase with purchase, Tesco would be able to attract more consumers to purchase at Tesco. Besides that, the departmentalization of product which will create a discomfort to the Muslim consumer are well organized compared to other grocer sho p. At Tesco the Non-Halal  [4]  product are safely contained at a room created just for the Non-Halal product but at other grocer shops, non-halal product are place at a separate place from the foods but it is sometimes being mixed around by mischievous kids at the grocer and will create a discomfort to the Muslim consumer. Besides creating promotion, Tesco had always sponsored many events in the world. By creating an event, Tesco would not only be able to promote their name but also help to create a better social environment and awareness. Recently, Tesco have been participating in a event called Walk for School. It is use to raise fund to help 100 schools at Klang Valley because the facilities at the Klang Valleys schools have not being up to date which will slow down the learning process of the students there. The fund which was raised is to improve the infrastructure of the school, learning facilities and the library of each school to improve the learning conditions of the students. Lastly in approaching CRM is the technology of Tesco. Tesco online purchase and delivery have been started few years back. All products can be purchased online and delivery is provided for free to those who are Tesco Club member. This would be an advantage for those consumers who are working and those who could not spend time purchasing products directly from Tesco. Though the online system had been established for few years but not all consumers are aware of the system. Hereby a recommendation is made so that Tesco will be able to have a session to teach regular customer that this system had been created in order to let them know about the existence of this system. Besides providing online purchase and delivery facilities, Tesco practically use CRM system  [5]  in assisting them to provide the best services. By using CRM system, Tesco will be able to contact customer and ask for opinion from each of them. This method will provide the knowledge of customer understanding to help T esco to improve in order to provide the best customer service that will fulfill the need of each consumer. Other than that, Tesco will be able to check on the best selling products and hereby they would be able to increase the production of the product to attain all consumers need. For conclusion, by practicing CRM in Tesco it will assist a lot in increasing the rate of profit growth. The main steps in CRM are to target the people, process and the technology. In the 1st step which is people, Tesco have studied on employee, management, consumer behavior and the environment. For the 2nd step which is process, Tesco had make a few changes in the product, create club card, provide the best price, arrangement of products, operating hours and participating in awareness events in order to be sure that Tesco is known by all consumers. As for the last step which is the technology, Tesco has been focusing on improving their technology from time to time. All these steps are being practiced by all Tesco outlets in order to provide the best services and product to the consumers.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Mans Inhumane Treatment of Men in Louis Sachars Holes Essay examples

Man's Inhumane Treatment of Men in Louis Sachar's Holes The inhumanity that man shows to one another dates all the way back to the beginning of time. We read about it in the Bible, saw it during the Holocaust with the persecution of the Jews, and watched it on TV during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's and still experience it today. In the book titled Holes (2002), by Louis Sachar, these actions are displayed once again. Man's inhumanity to man is a reality in society today and in the theme of Holes. Holes is about a boy named Stanley who is sent to a correctional camp for boys called Camp Green Lake. The boys are required to dig one five-by-five-foot hole per day in the 90 degree weather in order to help build their characters. In doing this, Stanley discovers that they aren't just digging for character. They are digging to uncover something for the warden: a treasure. In his attempt to uncover this treasure, Stanley observes and experiences the inhumanities that go on at Camp Green Lake. Sachar displays these everyday inhumanities in many different instances thr...

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Reality Is Perception :: essays research papers

Reality Is Perception Human reality is full of physical objects but how humans perceive these objects is completely objective, depending on the person and there senses. Perception of physical objects cannot occur without other objects that allow one to perceive these manifestations in the first place. When a sentient being acknowledges that they "exist in a world of physical objects", they also confirm that their sense perception functions to an extent which allows them to reason, even to a small degree, their physical existence. What is a physical object? Does a physical object have to be something you can see, touch, feel, taste, or smell or can a physical object exist without one being able to confirm its existence? Is the sensory perception of a fly wrong just because it has over a 1000 eyes or is the way humans view the world incorrect because we do not? A blind man can still help a person distinguish a colour because no one perception is ever totally interpreted by only one sensory organ. Many other animals on earth do not just rely on there sight for information about their world. For instance fish in totally dark areas of the ocean have no eyes and yet can still maneuver around in there environment by sensing ripples in their area with special sense organs on their body. Birds also seem to use the magnetic lines of the earth to navigate south for the winter each year. It would be foolish to make the statement that all sensory perception of the world is circumspect and is exactly the same for all creatures. All animals on the planet earth live in a hermeneutic spiral meaning that we all live in the past. Humans as with other animals can only sense a cause after it has made an effect. The assumption is made that if we sense an effect there must therefore be a cause, which leads to a naà ¯ve realism of perception. As well, with sensory perception there is a large amount of extraneous information such as emotional and ideological that causes interference as to how we interpret the information received. This misinterpretation can happen from the time an action is made to the time when we seem to perceive the action. This can be seen for instance when at a baseball game the batter bats a home run and only after a second or two you hear the crack of the bat on the ball. This can be explained because the speed of light which allows you to see the batter hitting the ball is much faster than the

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Essay --

Tiffany Rivera Prior to 1860 there was great sectionalism in the United States between the northern and southern states. The Southern states and Northern states were always in competition for power. Various compromises were proposed by the opposing sides but eventually failed. The Civil War, election of President Lincoln and Reconstruction Era caused great change in the US. Constitutional developments such as the Emancipation Proclamation, three civil rights bills, and the Reconstruction Era impacted the lives on freedmen. Social developments such as the Freedmen's Bureau, the Black Codes, and the Ku Klux Klan were also revolutionary especially to the lives of the freedmen. One may say the election of President Lincoln was revolutionary. When the southern states realized their insignificance in terms of political power compared to the northern states, the southern states seceded from the union. South Carolina believed they had the constitutional right to secede from the Union because it was not stated in the Constitution it was illegal to do so and should be left to state power. (Doc A) The southern states also feared that if the North gained enough power they would abolish slavery completely. The fear of the northern states becoming too powerful and failure of compromise between the northern and southern states had led to the Civil War. An outcome of this conflict would be the Emancipation Proclamation, 13th-15th Amendments, and the abolition of slavery in the South. This angered southerners since it endangered their Agrarian economy through the use of slavery. Another outcome would be President Lincoln adding an amendment which made it illegal for a ny state to secede from the Union, helping preserve the Union of the nation af... ...articipation in government politically. (Doc. G) This was due to the passing of the three civil rights bills. During the Reconstruction Era, blacks were also offered education, which increased opportunity for the blacks. Some whites from the south disliked the Klu Klux Klan Act and felt that it gave the federal government too much power. (Doc H) The Force Acts were however essential during this time. Thomas Nast shows that the Klu Klux Klan was endangering the lives of the former slaves. (Doc I) All of these events greatly impacted the lives of the freedmen of the nation. This also affected the nation as a whole in terms of rights and power and in many ways strengthened the federal government. During the years 1860-1877, many constitutional and social developments were revolutionary. This changed the nation as a whole including the lives of the freedmen and whites.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Sumary of Android vs Windows

Summary of the article: Windows phone 7 developments for android developers A big part of the process of designing a phone application is to establish a storage method for important data the application will create. The windows platform does not offer a API database such as Microsoft SQL Server or SQLite, instead windows encourages developers to store information on the cloud similar to how a website operates. Developers that do not want to go that route have two options. They could use windows Azure or utilize other commercial cloud source. Also android developers could use an open source outgoing project called CODEPLEX or store the data internally and later load it up using LINQ (language integrated language). Storing information internally is really easy on a windows platform in such a way that it almost eliminates completely the need of a database. Windows phone platform allows you to store settings and users preferences through the isolated storage interface this way it will easily accessible uniquely for the device the application installed. One of the mayor advantages of the windows platform from androids platform is the layout of the tools. Android developer’s tool kit lacks of a proper layout tools in contrast windows platform have a robust tools layout that are easily and inexpensive for a developer to obtain. Windows main objective with these tools is to make the development process of application a fast and clean process. Windows phone 7 introduces a new take on phones operating system and the differences between the android operating system are mostly skin deep.

Planet of Slums Essay

As the sprawling sky rocketed buildings, and electrifying industries began to show the dreams of unlimited potentials, our eyes are yet to catch nasty travails of the urban life in all its vicissitude. 2005 was a witness to the ever increase in population in cities- expecting to reach 10 billion mark in 2050, but majority of them confined in the areas characterized by crumbling houses, dirty water, unhygienic environment, and very minimum sources and nothing in the name of social services, and ever increasing unemployment rate. These are slum areas of the urban cities where maximum of migrants from villages and small towns find their place. â€Å"Planet of Slums† by Mike Davis is an exploration of these dark corners of the most virtualized urban cities and, also reflects his deep commitment for raising our consciousness towards the real causes behind the unprecedented growth of these slum areas. He analyzed the grim view of this global phenomenon over the past half-century and what this billion strong slum population had in store for political future. From as far as places like Brazil to New Guinea, and from Senegal to Pakistan, rural folks are leaving their traditional occupation and landing in the slums of the urban cites for new growth and income opportunities in new occupational arenas. In countries like Africa and Latin America, people flocked to cities to escape from either the war or famine or got attracted by the income growth in factories producing clothes like t-shirts, sneakers, and toothbrushes never heard of before. Though the impact of migration process is being felt since the first industrial revolution, yet the conditions and the environment they have been staying in truly reflect their shattered dreams. They dream of getting rich but what they are gaining in cities like Manchester, Chicago, Tokyo and Mumbai are their unending lives in dirty towns and squatter camps. Guldin’s case study of Southern China exposes the point that it is not only the cities which are being developed but it is also the vice versa, â€Å"Villagers become more like market and xiang towns, and county towns and small cities become more like large cities. † (Davis 2006: 9) Many countries are also witness to the bubbling city lives reaching at the doorstep of the rural folks in their own villages or towns. It has quite happened in Malaysia where journalist SeaBrook highlighted the fate of several fishermen, â€Å"Engulfed by urbanization without migrating, their lives overturned, even while remaining on the spot where they were born. †(Davis 2006: 9) The lives of fishermen had all been uprooted by the new waves of urbanization, which cut off their homes from sea due to new highway, polluted their fishing ponds due to urban waste, and deforested the neighboring hillsides to construct apartment blocks. Johannesburg is one of the many cities, which is a witness to the degeneration of soil owing to continuous inebriated mining. More than half of the non-white population is surviving at informal settlements in areas where there is abundant of toxic waste and chronic ground. But the most classic case recorded by Davis is Mumbai in India, where the people earning higher level of income own 90 per cent of land whereas poor people are overcrowded. CBC News correspondent drafted a picture of the third largest city in the world after Tokyo and Mexico. Mumbai has 10 million people with majority of the population belonging to slum areas and the Dharavi at the vicinity of Mumbai is considered to be the largest slum in Asia. (Benoit 2006: Online) The lands where the slums are developed are the most valuable real estate areas but all are illegal and every day government vehicles come in one part of the slum areas or to the next for the demolition and every time they are established again. Several times, state had tried to enter into deal with private individuals for the redevelopment of the lands and for providing new houses for slum dwellers but this process has been unsuccessful. These slum dwellers are the backbone of the city Mumbai providing the labour for menial jobs like train operators, construction workers, factory workers etc. Davis said that, â€Å"These polarized patterns of land use and population density recapitulate older logics of imperial control and racial dominance. † (Escobar 2007: 27) Even though the economies of mega cities like Lagos, Kinshasa, and Dar Es Salaam have been deteriorating or remaining stagnant still since last many years, these cities have been continuously attracting new arrivals. Davis attempted to focus on the reasons behind the growth of slums that had been the matter of concern for economists since many years. The debt crises of 1970s and 1980s, and the restructuring of the developing economies in third world by International Monetary Fund during 1980s have been the main culprits. During the mid seventies, World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) began to grant loans to the developing nations on the conditions of structural adjustment policies. The term denotes the changes in the policies of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank for granting the new loans at lower rate of interest to the developing countries with certain conditions. The conditions are levied to ensure the proper use of the money lended and to reduce fiscal imbalance of borrowing countries. The developing nations had to privatize their public services department and infrastructure, devalue their currencies, initiate in the growth of crops for exports, and remove the subsidies and this had a direct impact on the local farmers and manufacturers who were forced to enter into competition with the First World agribusiness and corporations. Davis evoked, â€Å"Rapid urban growth in the context of structural adjustment, currency devaluation, and state retrenchment has been an inevitable recipe for the mass production of slums† (Davis 2006: 17). The World Bank and IMF became a part of the capitalist system in the international scenario subsequently supported by Reagan, Thatcher, and Kohl (Davis 2006: 153). According to Davis, â€Å"Debt has been the forcing-house of an epochal transfer of power from Third World nations to the Bretton Woods institutions [World Bank and IMF] controlled by the US and other core capitalist countries [†¦] The [World Bank’s] professional staff are the postmodern equivalent of a colonial civil service† (Davis 2006: 153-4). The global forces with their weapons of the deregulation and mechanization of agriculture, and promotion of the consolidation of smallholdings into large ones created the surplus of rural labour forcing them to make the urban slums their final destination, as the job market in the cities became on the verge of extinction. In Davis own words, â€Å"Over-urbanization’ is driven by the reproduction of poverty, not by the supply of jobs. This is one of the unexpected tracks down which a neo-liberal world order is shunting the future† (Davis 2006: 16). It is not only rural folks but also import substitution industries, public sectors, and middle classes felt an impact. (Davis 2006: 16) Millions of city-dwellers were directly pushed into poverty due to Neo-liberalism. But along with this, the same policies that had shattered the small public sector enterprises gave boost to the private enterprises, importers, military personnel and many leading players controlling political circles. Besides undertaking economic consideration, Davis espouses upon the various social, religious, ethnic and political movements making their presence felt at the every corner of the dwelling of urban poor. For e. g. the resistance movement of Islam at the Casablanca and Cairo, street gangs dominating the streets of Cape-town and San Salvador, the movement Pentecostalism at Kinshasa and Rio de Janeiro, and revolutionary movement at Caracas and La Paz became hallmark of the new movement initiated by American regime as their war over terrorism. But this war was nothing but a setting of a stage of a long prolonged war between the American regime and the slum dwellers. Going with the UN-Habitat Report, â€Å"Challenge of Slums†, which went public in 2003, Davis emphasized the final aspect to the whole holocaust that lay behind the growth of an ugly phase of the urbanization. He cited the â€Å"Retreat of the State, as the main unfounded reason for the increase in poverty and unequal division of income and wealth during 1980s and 1990s. Davis 2006: 154) These state of affairs led to the development of the â€Å"virtual democracy, whereby all the control of the macro-economic policies of Third World nations are controlled from Washington. † (Davis 2006: 154) Adding to the cause also is the corruption among leaderships, institutional failures and structural adjustment programs that eventually led to the transfer of wealth from poor to rich nations. Besides, haphazard way of the developing of roads and increasing traffic beckoned the environmentalists’ towards the extensive amount of population and ever-growth of the rows of slums near the roadsides and railways tracks. Initially Davis was going to give title of his book, The World Is a Ghetto, but the motive of the writer was to bring to the notice of the world the changes that had emerged in the global scenario though appearing to be on the development side yet it is a false notion as amidst the high rise buildings, industries, hotels and restaurants, zooming vehicles on the road, there are darker corners we often ignore. These slums are posing the problems of imperial order and social control that began to come to the notice of geopolitics. In a deep ironic note, Davis says if America aims to leash out the terrorists into the social and cultural periphery, it would be making the poor developing cities as permanent battlefields. Planet of Slums is an eye opener for the world imperialistic orders to make them analyze the fact that no city can virtually grow on wealth alone.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Wankel Rotary Engine: A History by John B. Hege

Conceived in the 1930s, simplified and successfully tested in the 1950s, the darling of the automotive industry in the early 1970s, then all but abandoned before resurging for a brilliant run as a high-performance powerplant for Mazda, the Wankel rotary engine has long been an object of fascination and more than a little mystery. A remarkably simple design (yet understood by few), it boasts compact size, light weight and nearly vibration-free operation. In the 1960s, German engineer Felix Wankels invention was beginning to look like a revolution in the making. Though still in need of refinement, it held much promise as a smooth and powerful engine that could fit in smaller spaces than piston engines of similar output. Auto makers lined up for licensing rights to build their own Wankels, and for a time analysts predicted that much of the industry would convert to rotary power. This complete and well-illustrated account traces the full history of the engine and its use in various cars, motorcycles, snowmobiles and other applications. It clearly explains the working of the engine and the technical challenges it presented–the difficulty of designing effective and durable seals, early emissions troubles, high fuel consumption, and others. The work done by several companies to overcome these problems is described in detail, as are the economic and political troubles that nearly killed the rotary in the 1970s, and the prospects for future rotary -powered vehicles. Personal Review: Wankel Rotary Engine: A History by John B. Hege Wankel Rotary Engine: A History A fascinating read not just for crankheads but anyone interested in how things get done and how so very often they don't get done at all. Of particular interest is the chapter on G. M's entry into the wonderful world of Wankel–perhaps a small insight as to why they're #2 today. A hearty thank you to John Hege for a well researched book. Get in touch with me John and I'll send you a copy of my book.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Importance of Physician/Patient Communication Essay

Thesis Statement The communication relationship between physician and patient has an impact on diagnoses and treatment options. 1. Four types of truth-telling affect the communication relationship of physician/patient. The quality of communication physicians and patients maintain in the treatment process is very important as it has a bearing on the outcome of the treatment process. The quality of medical care physicians give to patients determines the quality of services exchanged between the two. For communication to be effective, several factors have to be in place. Communication has to be clear, communication has to be timely, communication has to contain the right content, the communication must be disseminated through the proper media and targeting the right recipient. Truth-telling is very central to the physician/patient relationship. How a patient is going to react to the news broken by the physician is highly dependent on the kind of truth-telling approach the physician chooses. The four types of truths; direct, factual, personal and interpretative also known as hermeneutical truth apply in different situations. In truth-telling, the physician has to consider the full impact of the news and therefore decide on whether to apply principle of non-disclosure or full disclosure . Depending on the situation the truths could reveal or conceal information. This is determined by the kind of relationship existing between the patient and the physician. In the process of truth-telling the right environment has to be present. There is a need for trust between the patient and the physician as the level of trust the two parties have for each other directly impacts on communication and perception. There is need for empathy especially considering the fact that some of the news the patient is likely to receive could be bad news concerning issues ranging from death to serious medical conditions. This calls for the physician to gauge the situation and decide on what to reveal or what to conceal. Such a step is likely to save the patient from the agony of having to cope with bad news or the consequences of such breaking of news. There is a need for patience on the part of the physician as well as the part of the patient considering the fact that medical disclosure has an undeniable impact on the communication relationship between the patient and the physician. Physicians should be able to carefully analyze information before disseminating such to the patient. This calls for the physician to be able to set realistic goals for the patient and not to raise hopes even when the situation is clearly negative. This implies that it is the responsibility of the physician to choose what kind of truth to apply as some situations may call for direct truth while others may call for factual truth. In some instances, personal truth may be applicable while in other cases, only interpretive truth could be applicable. However, the bottom line is for the physician to be analytical enough to differentiate situations and decide on the best approach to use. Truth-telling is very important in the medical disclosure process since how poorly or well executed the disclosure is carried out, always has a legal implication. In some other cases, the process of disclosure could have business implications especially if the health care setting is in private practice. A physician is supposed to consider numerous factors especially in regard to the physician’s code of conduct. This calls for the physician to consider issues such as cultural factors . Depending on the culture of the patient, the physicians should device or even improvise communication strategies which will not go in contravention of the cultural beliefs and cultural norms of the patients. This points to the importance of physician’s knowledge in cultural issues in the community where the physician serves. The physician must understand how different cultures treat issues such as death. Such knowledge is important because breaking news in an offensive manner could cause unnecessary tensions between the physician and the patient. Truth-telling therefore should be determined by cultural considerations and depending on cultural orientations of the patient, it is the responsibility of the physician to choose the method of communication, the approach to use as well as how the different types of truths are applicable in the given cultural context . Truth-telling from the physician’s perspective, consist of full disclosure or limited disclosure . Several factors determine what type of disclosure the physician finally settles on. However, it is crucial for the physician to consider the patient’s right to know when it comes to the decision on whether to give full disclosure or limited disclosure . The right to know as it applies to the patient is a fundamental human right. However, to the physician it is a question of ethics and implications. This results into a kind of conflict within the physician’s mind as well as between the physician and the patient . The situation worsens if the legal implications of a full disclosure are higher than the potential benefits. This is when a physician is supposed to make a rational decision and go for the limited disclosure . It is evident that some issues that surround the physician’s ability to tell the truth are beyond the physician’s ability and as a result, the physician has to possess high communication skills. The physician is faced with the problem of honouring and fulfilling the needs and demands of the patient. Equally important are the personal traits of the physician given the fact that some decisions a physician makes are largely determined by the character of the physician . A physician who is indecisive is likely to fail to make the right decisions while a physician who is apt is likely to make decisions on the kind of disclosure to make to the patient . Apart from physician’s personal ability to deal with challenging situations, other factors come in play in regard to physician’s perspective about disclosures. The impact of the physician’s origin is demonstrated in the kind of decisions which the physician makes when it comes to disclosures. For instance, the origin of the physician especially in regard to expatriates has an effect on the kind of decisions considering the fact that different places have different norms and standards of doing things. However, physicians’ code of conduct demands that every physician consider the outcome of truth-telling in regard to psychological repercussions of the decisions the physician makes. The origin of the physician also determines the effectiveness of the physician’s communication as historical and cultural factors all have an effect on truth-telling. If a physician has gone through a traumatizing past or had encountered difficult and challenging situations in the past, this can have an impact on the kind of decision the physician makes . However, professionalism dictates that the physician must always act in the best interest of the patient in as long as the decisions do not hurt any party. There still remains a dilemma amongst many physicians when faced with the question of whether to obey the wishes of the patient or to go by their instincts as informed by professionalism. The physician’s conduct, when around the patient, can aid or hinder patient’s compliance and satisfaction . It is imperative for the physician to understand the psychological process or disposition the patient undergoes while sick. By the physician behaving in an offensive or unprofessional manner, this can lead to the patient becoming non-compliant and to become dissatisfied. This sets the precedence for communication breakdown and at this level the question ceases being what kind of truth-telling to tell but how to save the situation and improve the relationship between the patient and the physician. If a physician behaves in an offensive manner next to the patient’s bed, this again hinders the trust the patient has on the physician and the whole institution of health care . This implies that the conduct of a physician has far reaching implications for the professionals not only in the sense of communication but also in the aspect of business relationships . A physician who conducts business in a knowledgeable manner by respecting the cultural background of the patient as well as upholding religious beliefs and background of the patient is likely to enjoy compliance from the patient . Such a physician easily overcomes obstacles and communication becomes easy. The physician who sets such a conducive environment is more likely to experience less challenges in the process of truth-telling and the physician may not experience difficulties in choosing amongst the four types of truths the best and the most suitable for the given situation . Truth-telling from the patient’s perspective can be fully truthful or limited for many reasons. This is because there are effects associated with self-disclosure as there are implications for malpractice. The psychological effects of self-disclosure include the following. A feeling of unworthiness, desperation, vulnerability, as well as the high chances of suffering from psychological conditions such as stress or depression. There are physiological effects associated with self-disclosure. Such may include the craving of a patient to commit harmful actions, self-negligence resulting into body harm as well as harming of those around the patient. Patient dissatisfaction leads to claims of malpractice which ultimately have the potential of affecting the professional. Claims of malpractice affect the credibility of a physician, the credibility of the institution and could also have financial implications . The patient has a right to receive the best care possible and therefore the issues the patient brings out must be addressed fully and without prejudice. The effect bad news delivery has on the communication relationship of the physician/patient vary from individual to individual . For the physician, verbal/non-verbal communication aspect of delivering bad news holds the key to what kind of communication relationship the two are likely to enjoy. As such, the physician must be equipped through training and utilization of the relevant technology to execute and deliver communication in the best way possible. Bad news have different impacts on different patients. This calls for the physician to be analytical about situations and never to take situations for granted by generalization but rather to treat each case as special. Bad news delivery has negative consequences not only for the physician but more so for the patient who suffers psychologically as a result of bad news delivery. Poor delivery of bad news has on many occasions resulted to patients being shocked and in some cases, dying as a result of the effects of bad news delivery . This calls for the health care providers to be genuinely concerned on the impact of delivering bad news and therefore to take time to judge situations on merit before settling on the kind of disclosure suitable for the given situation. There is a need for the physician to assess the ability of the patient to cope with bad news as this is the only to ensure that the impact of bad news delivery are kept at minimal. Social construction in health communication has an impact on the patient’s perspective on communication. Therefore, there is a need for physicians to analyze and understand the patient’s locus of control when it comes to delivering of bad news. Some patients are more stronger than others and can therefore cope with pain associated with bad news. On the other hand, there are some patients who are weak in terms of the ability to cope with bad news. Therefore, social construction in health communication should be considered in the delivery of bad news. The internal/external locus of control requires both the patient and the physician to be weary of implications of communication not only to patients and physicians but also to the society at large. This is especially so considering the fact that some societies view issues related to health matters as communal or familial and it is therefore not the choice to be left to the patients and physicians only . The impact of different communication styles vary between males and females. This requires the physician to be considerate when breaking or delivering news. Communication dynamics therefore must be taken into consideration before deciding on the best type of communication to apply. The context is important because different news may mean different outcomes for males and females alike. It is worth noting that the context should be considered in the determination of the best channel to use in communicating news. Traditionally, story telling and narratives have been favoured by many physicians as effective means of communication regardless of the patient’s gender. However, with the advent of technology, there is a need for physicians to be equipped in other means of communication such as Internet. It is worth noting that usage of analogies, metaphors and similes can aid process of communication. However, such aids could be a form of distraction if not applied carefully. The above-mentioned types of aids must be applied only in proportionate measures with due regard or consideration to the confusion they may bring about . Physicians must be able to choose what type of aid suits what kind of situation and ultimately settle on application of aids which cause the least amount of distraction . The best choice of communication aids must be dictated by the different needs of communication for both the physician and the patient. In conclusion, it is worth noting that communication plays a very central role in health care provision and physicians must always bear in mind the implications of the choices they make in regard to communication. There is a need to improve communication relationships between physicians and patients as the effectiveness of such communication relationship is what determines how effective health care provision will be. References Appelbaum, P.S. , & Grisso, T. (1988). Assessing patients’ capacities to consent to treatment. New England Journal of Medicine, 319(25): pp. 1621-1629. Bourgeois, M. S. (1991) Communication Treatment for Adults with Adults with Dementia, Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 14: pp. 829-841. Davis, Dena S. Legal Trends in Bioethics (review), Journal of Clinical Ethics. 1996: 7(2): pp. 183-96 Dodek, D. Y and Dodek, A. (1997) From Hippocrates to facimile. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 156 (6): pp. 841-858. Finucane, P, Myser, C & Ticehurst, S. Is she fit to sign, doctor? – Practical ethical issues in assessing the competence of elderly patients. Medical Journal of Australia. 1993: 59: pp. 397-413. Herbert, P. C. , Hoffmaster, B. , Glass, K. C. , Singer, P. A. (1997). Bioethics for clinicians: 7. Truth telling. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156 (2): pp. 223-229. Hilfiker, D. (1984). Facing our mistakes. New England Journal of Medicine, 310(2): pp. 119-125. Kleinman, I. , Baylis, F. , Rodgers, S. , Singer, P. (1997). Bioethics for clinicians: 8. Confidentiality. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156 (4): pp. 511-514. Lederberg, M. (1997). The psychological repercussions of New York State’s do not resuscitate law: An American experience with mandated â€Å"truth-telling. † Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 809: pp. 219-246. Lidz, C. W. , Meisel, A. , Osterweis, M. , Holden, J. L. , Marx, J. H. & Munetz, M. R. (1983). Barriers to informed consent. Annals of Internal Medicine, 99: pp. 529 – 539. Paier, G. , Miller, P. (1991). The Development of Ethical Thought in Long-Term Care. J. Gerontol. Nursing. 17(10): pp. 19-32. Schneider, C. E. (1994). Bioethics In the language of the law. Hastings Center Report. 24(4): pp. 25. Siegler, M. (1982) Confidentiality in medicine: A decrepit concept. New England Journal of Medicine. 307:pp. 1523-1536. Sigman, G. S. , Kraut, J. , La Puma, J. (1993). Disclosure of a diagnosis to children and adolescents when parents object: A clinical ethics analysis. American Journal of Disabilities in Children, 147 (7): pp. 769-798. Steffen, G. E. & Franklin, C. (1985). Commentaries: Who speaks for the patient with locked-in syndrome? Hastings Center Report, Dec. , pp. 12 – 19. Surbone, A. (1997). Information, truth, and communication: For an interpretation of truth-telling practices throughout the world. Annals New York Academy of Sciences, 809: pp. 6-26. Thomasma, D. C. (1994). Telling the truth to patients: A clinical ethics exploration. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 3: pp. 379-390. Ubel, PA, Zell, M. M. , Miller, D. J. , Fischer, G. S. , Peters-Stefani, D. , Arnold, R. M. (1995) Elevator talk: observational study of inappropriate comments in a public space. American Journal of Medicine. 99:pp. 189-199. Weir, R. F. , Peters, C. (1997). Affirming the decisions adolescents make about life and death. Hastings Center Report, 27 (6): pp. 31-44.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Conclusion of Logoplaste's Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conclusion of Logoplaste's Business Plan - Essay Example T analysis to analyse the micro and macroeconomic environment of the Logoplaste company with a view to determining the strategic option which can help secure the near and longterm future of the company. Logoplaste should direct its efforts at increasing its growth rate. This can be achieved by targeting local firms functioning in the current markets more aggressively and by securing the growth through propagation into new markets. Different measures are needed to be taken to put these actions into practice. These actions include but are not limited to conducting regular workshops and meetings to gain the perspectives and opinions of the staff members, contemplation of a growth strategy, conducting market analysis in the foreign economies where the company intends to expand, and investing in new technologies. Taking the proposed measures would help Logoplaste achieve the desired change in the long-term. Nevertheless, the company needs to conduct a thorough risk analysis before expanding internationally to maximize its chances of success. Earlier identification and targeting of the risks and taking appropriate measures to mitigate them is fundamental to successful expansion in foreign countries where the company has not done business before. In conclusion, Logoplaste is a very successful company and has all the potential and resources to grow internationally. In this age of globalization, a company cannot gain global recognition without expanding internationally and enlarging its consumer base across nations and geographic boundaries. It is anticipated that if Logoplaste places emphasis on the aforementioned actions in the report, it would not take the company long to position itself among the most successful global corporations and take its profitability to new

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Accounting tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting tools - Essay Example Most of the companies are getting dominated by the international competition. The primary cause of this competition is demand based supply and widely accepted e-commerce. Since, the utilization of management accounting tools is important for most of the companies with the aim of developing logical and reliable business strategies. The primary features of management accounting are to help the organisation in the area of decision making, control and support strategic planning (Kaplan and Norton, 1996, p.58). In this essay, the researcher will stress on the different aspects of management accounting tools and the effectiveness of management accounting tools. Discuss and evaluate the purpose and effectiveness of management accounting for modern business In the modern business firms, the management accounting is mainly used for taking competitive decision making by collecting, communicating information and processing. This tool helps the management of the organisation to control, evaluate and plan on business process. This tool also relates to the present strategy of the business firm with the existing ones. The function of management accounting is multidimensional and interrelated with the various departments. The mechanism contributes in monitoring different activities in business and helps the businesses to meet the goal of the organisation. In this function, the management and the board is mainly focussed on those activities which are the key drivers of future financial result. This controlling activities influence the corporate governance activities of the organisation. With the help of various analysis report, the management accounting track the lack in control system also and measure the divergence from the expected result. In the variance analysis, the management compares the expected performance with the actual performance (Brickley, Smith and Zimmerman, 2005, p.256). The approval of financial decision also depends on the management accounting decision. Mos t of the members of the audit committee (at least 40 %) hold the specific qualification. But it has been seen that the common management accounting tools is used by the audit committee rather than the directors of the business firm. In this point of view, at the time of taking financial decisions, management accounting reports are not adequately presented. On the other side, it is noted that the decision of Director is not sufficient for 69 % of the companies. Most of the major financial decisions are taken by the senior management of the company by utilizing the key areas of management accounting tools (Blocher et al. 2010, p.54). Most of the traditional business firms did not evaluate the performance of CEOs and senior management before general annual meetings. The management accounting tools determinates the financial results from various segment of operation that signifies the performance of CEOs. The modern businesses maintain good corporate governance practices by following co des of business practices, compliance to relevant laws and rules and regulation. The corporate behaviour is important to maintain the corporate governance. So, corporate behaviour should be stringent in corporate DNA by maintaining the principals and ethics. The management accounting mechanism sets the standard behaviour for the purpose of hard coding. This mechanism also provides the periodic report which highlights corporate culture monitoring result. On the other side, this is a tool which is a custodian of ethics. So, it is very easy for the business firms to trace the fraud and mal practices. Comprehensive Implementation of Management Accounting Tools: In this part the researcher

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Volcanoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Volcanoes - Essay Example Shield Volcano c. Dome Volcano d. Ash-Cinder e. Composite f. Caldera 5. Volcanoes in history and culture ii. disasters type 1 1. Impact on environment, 2. Impact economy 3. Impact people iii. disasters type 2 1. Impact on environment, 2. Impact economy 3. Impact people iv. Solutions proposed by the questions: privatization III. Volcano – Business Opportunities a. Prior eruption i. Geothermal 1. Historical use a. Refuge b. Balenology 2. Common use a. geothermal (ground-source) heat pumps (GHP b. bathing/swimming/spas c. space heating (including district heating d. aquaculture e. agriculture 3. Mechanism a. intrusion of molten rock (magma) b. high surface heat flow c. Heated groundwater 4. Environmental effects a. Emissions b. Noise c. Water use d. Land use e. Impact on natural phenomena, wildlife and vegetation ii. Tourism 1. Types of tourists a. Tours b. Students c. Adventurous 2. Visitors motivations a. Part of the tour, not a specific interests b. Sports c. Photography d. Sc ientific observation 3. The demand for volcano and geothermal tourism 4. Risk management a. Education i. Volcano in it self ii. Emergency actions b. To have qualified guides c. International safety guideline 5. Study case: Galapagos Islands, Volcanoes and wildlife a. Introduction, Location b. Geophysical aspect and history of activity c. Tourism d. Risk factors e. Risk management b. Post eruption i. lava mining 1. Study Case: Merapi Indonesia a. Stone property and use for sculpture b. Advantages ii. Agriculture: fertility of soil 1. Earth Properties 2. Economic impact 3. Study cases iii. Ashes business 1. Product tools 2. Transportation IV. Disasters type 1: tornado, hurricane, tsunami – Business Opportunities a. Domains of need and wants: i. Food ii. shelter iii. utilities iv. financing, v. work force planning vi. housing, security vii. communication and information technology viii. medical ix. transportation x. Insurance V. Disaster type 2: fire and floods – Business Opportunities a. Soil fertility b. Reconstruction VI. Discussion a. Reminding question and hypothesis. i. What are the business opportunities in a volcano ii. That I must be limited because we don’t really hear about it and it is not used much iii. The research about the subject refuted the hypothesis. b. GEOTHERMAL AND FINDINGS i. According to findings geothermal is been used but mostly in Europe and US ii. Why? iii. East African- findings-potential area to exploit iv. Problem developed and developing country and renewable energy c. GEOTOURISM AND FINDINGS i. Unexpected finding. Geotourism is quite developed. d. SOIL FERTILITY AND ASHESAND Findings i. Ashes have many consequences 1. Soil fertility, the nutriments, that is why we find lots of people surrounding volcanic areas 2. Beauty tool 3. Problems related to ashes a. Lava mining b. Explain why it doesn’t figure in the paper 4. Limited relevant work citied a. Depth of the explanation is very high/ engineering leve l b. Potential research VII. Conclusion a. Limitation of the subject b. Not new but not developed concept c. Clear business opportunities i. The impact of these opportunities. How the can influence our world and create a better place Introduction: Natural resources seem to be the epicenter of multiple problems. Different geographical locations on the globe possess different potentials in terms of natural resources. â€Å"Naturally people will tend to exploit areas where they will gain more productivity with minimum investment†

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Why has human trafficking become such a popular crime over the last Essay

Why has human trafficking become such a popular crime over the last three decades - Essay Example Human, weapon and environmental trafficking is alleged to influence all nations in the world, even though in diverse ways. States are separated into three groups: transit, origin and destination (Rumford 2008). Modern trafficking has been promoted by the poor economic conditions. Trafficking occurs as a result of imbalanced economic status. Internationally the majority poor are women. The number of those living under the poverty line has continued to increase tremendously as compared to the unreasonable number of men (Rumford 2008). Women frequently have the additional financial and economic load of caring and providing for children. Women and girls face discrimination that restricts their learning and employment chances. Women and girls also excessively experience sexual assault in the workplace (Kempadoo and Doezema 1998). This circumstance forces many girls and women to find alternatives abroad for job opportunities and these makes them principally defenseless to abuse. The economic position of girls and women is rampant in developing countries undergoing economic change. All of the nations of Eastern and Central Europe and Soviet Union have experienced impressive political and economic changes as they progress from centralized economies to open market structures. Although, there is remarkable variation in how these nations in this areas have experienced the change, women and girls have been pessimistically impacted by the high rates of unemployment and the failure of social agendas that survived the past (Rumford 2008). Women in Soviet states, the change has meant that they are not economically autonomous than they were before. Economic inequality both between and within nations is another factor that has greatly that promoted human and weapons trafficking in the contemporary world. Human trafficking has persistently continued to take place in low-income states

Monday, September 9, 2019

Registerd nurse interview analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Registerd nurse interview analysis - Essay Example She said that this was tough when her children were still young because they rarely see each other due to her schedule. Sometimes, she cannot be with them on holidays because of her work. She said that she does not regard patients as difficult. Sometimes they can be demanding and grumpy but as a nurse, she has to understand the situation of the patient that they just want to feel better. The resource person narrated that nursing is not just an eight to five job where you punch in and get paid. It is a profession as well as a vocation because the job affects people’s lives. To be successful in this profession, one has to be genuinely concerned with people. A nurse has to understand that patients are already in pain and the least the nurse can do is to alleviate and make the pain bearable to the patient. Nurses also work long hours and they do not follow the Monday to Friday work routine nor the eight to five schedule. It is because illness do not follow schedule and hospitals are open throughout the year. There are also emergency cases where a nurse has to work

Sunday, September 8, 2019

Challenging perspective on child development Essay

Challenging perspective on child development - Essay Example N.A.E.Y.C. stating Developmentally Active Practice brought forth 12 principles of Child Development and Learning as a guide for People who work with children (Bredekamp and Copple, 1997) 'Development 'denotes maturation of functions. It is related to the maturation and myelination of the nervous system and to the acquisition of a variety of skills for the optimal function of the individual.'[Ghai OP, Gupta P, Paul VK. 2003] Growth and development is affected by genetic and environmental factors. Phenotype that is parental traits, Character of parents, Race, Sex, Biorhythm and maturation, genetic disorders like chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations are all genetically determined. Environmental factors-Fetus grows in the maternal uterine environment. Maternal undernutrition, anaemia, maternal tobacco consumption go to decrease growth while nutritional supplements increases growth. Maternal intake of medicines like Thalidomide, antiepileptic drugs like valproate, and Rubella vaccination can cause congenital abnormalities. After birth nutritional statu... er birth nutritional status, exposure to chemicals, infections and infestations, trauma, maternal metabolic factors, social, emotional, and cultural factors all can influence the growth of the child. Behavioural Development of the child - In the postnatal life the newborn lies in a helpless manner with disorganized activity. As he grows he acquires better coordination of motor activity and reacts to his environment, with willful manner. At an anticipated age with a difference of a few months, children attain maturity of different biological functions. This can be interpreted by Denver developmental screening tests which measures gross motor, fine motor and adaptive; personal, and social and language factors. Behavioural development of the child is dependent on a variety of mutually interactive factors such as heredity, biological integrity, physical, psychosocial and emotional stimuli. Prenatal maternal illness, bad obstetric history, perinatal factors, social factors, established diseases all can affect behavioural development. Thus the catch phrase "Nature and Nurture' for roles of heredity and environment in human development originated in France, back in the 13th century. Nature Theory - It is known for years that traits such as hair colour and eye colour are determined by specific genes encoded in each human cell. Proponents of Nature theory take it a step further to tell the more abstract traits like intelligence, personality, aggression, and sexual orientation are all encoded in an individual's DNA.. "1. The search for behavioural gene is the source of constant debate. 2. the most debated issue pertaining to nature theory is the occurrence of the 'gay gene' pointing to a genetic component to sexual orientation. 3. An April,1998 article of LIFE Magazine

Saturday, September 7, 2019

Entrepreneurship and innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Entrepreneurship and innovation - Essay Example ompany owes its popularity and success to the greatest talents that it nurtured that is why the employees benefits and thus career development are paid big attention. Such policy toward employees allows the company to continue its growing and development. ZTE Corporation also thinks what is best for its shareholders, so the investments made in the company activities were made not in vain. Speaking about the social responsibilities, ZTE acts proactively to satisfy the community with its needs and thus respond to the most critique considerations. Having the most complete telecommunications product line in the world, ZTE covers wireless networks, core networks, access and bearer networks and also services and terminals markets.  Along with it, the development capability and customer-oriented strategy that the company conducts, as well as the market-driven strategy, allow ZTE to be able to develop and produce the best market-leading technologies in wireless, access, data and telecommun ications software. These expert solutions enable the company to meet the needs of customers across the globe.  Once the company have realized the potential of the wireless and broadband networking for the global stage, it have opened new opportunities for ZTE in its ability to support transmission infrastructure, which is aimed to maintain demand for smart devices and intelligent network. As a new wave of the company’s activities, it should pay attention on reinvention of its activities to be able to use such opportunities at its best. For businesses, the positive environment predetermines its success. That is why, political, social and technological factors can greatly affect the way companies run their activities. Thus in 2012, the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence reported about the threat toward the U.S. national security from the ZTE company side. ZTE stated its own equipment did not threaten the U.S. national security as its all equipment was assessed by the U.S.

The Tipping Point Essay Example for Free

The Tipping Point Essay Change is a rule by nature that will never change. Shifting from one state to another state is nature’s law. No one can override this rule. Tipping point by Malcolm Gladwell is all about changes that happen frequently. No one is stable in this world; nothing is stable in this world. Every thing must change consistently, the things, which happened yesterday, is not same today and the things which happened today will not be same tomorrow. This law is not only applicable for human life but also for society, technology, disease, education, culture, music, craft and so on. A wide spread outbreak of an infectious disease is called as epidemic. Malcolm Gladwell also deals with this epidemic not with medicine but with social epidemic that spoils young generation and society. Smoking is injurious to health, Drinking is injurious to wealth. Every one knows this, but they drink and smoke until malady bangs them. A women’s tongue is more powerful than any other thing? What is the reason behind crime rate fell down so drastically? What is the reason behind young generation using mobile   phones, ipods, and desktop and laptop computers than elder generation? Why some use Internet for utile purpose and not others? Why violence step-up in Hollywood movies? There are many questions here but Malcolm Gladwell answers only one question that is the correct answer for remaining questions. Ideas, behavior, messages and products sometimes behave just like outbreaks of infectious disease. They are called as social epidemics. The Tipping point is a book that deals with social epidemics that surround us. Generation after generation every thing right from culture, music, dress, changes frequently in a very unusual way. For example, if a famous pop star changes his dressing style, everyone will have a tendency to dress like him. It is called trend. This trend changes often, and no one knows this transition. The working of social epidemic is distinctly separate and society’s mind were stormed by   This unusual occurrence. For example we can look at twin tower disaster in New York City. A film taken by novice artists and technicians may yield stunning victory. No one knows the working of epidemic. The title â€Å" The Tipping Point â€Å" is originated from the world of epidemiology. The Tipping Point is a proper mixture of sociology, psychology, and history. This is a book for one who wishes to understand the world around them is in different way. The Three Influential People Connectors, Mavens and Salesmen.   Connectors can be compared with computer hub. They play a major role in epidemic like the central part of a car wheel. Hub is used for networking one computer with other. They are the heart of computer networking. Connectors have the habit of voluntarily introducing themselves to strangers and others. They can easily mingle with any sort of people. Hub in computer can be connected to any other computer irrespective of their configuration and software installed, like wise connectors can amalgamate with any sort of people in the society without any hesitation. Connectors are very rare in the society. Mavens are very intelligent people, they know how to interact with society, they how to exploit decrepit of the society. Mavens are intelligent powerful social epidemic. â€Å"Maven† the word comes from Yiddish meyvn and Herbrew mevin (מבÖ ¿Ã—™×Ÿ, with the same meaning, which in turn derives from Herbrew binah, means understanding. It was recorded in english language in 1952, and become famous in the 1960s by a series of commercials for Vita Herring created by Martin Solow, featuring â€Å"The Beloved Herring Maven†. Since the 1980s it has become more common since William Safire adepted it to describe himself â€Å" the language maven†. The word is mainly confined to American English, but had not yet appeared with the publication of the 1976 edition of Webster’s third new international dictionary. In network theory and socilogy, a maven is someone who has a disproportionate influence on other members of the network. The role of mavens in propagating knowledge and preferences has been established in various domains, from politics to social trends. Gladwell also suggests that mavens act most effectively when they have some kind of understanding with connectors. Connectors can easily and widely distribute the advice or insight of a mavens. Some have identified the maven is not a Jewish word, but a Jewish concept. A maven is an expert, and it’s something that every Jew thinks he is on every subject that exists. The term Maven is used to a great extent in spam electornic mails. Spam is nothing but an email from unrecognized location or person. The objective behind spam electronic mail is to develop and promote their business and to to earn handsome of money. Some Spam email contains VIRUS – Virtual Information Resource Under Sledge. An agreement or contract in which property is transferred from the seller to the buyer for fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer) is called as sales. It is an integral part of social activity. Ideas or products found attractive or interesting by others will grow exponentially for some time is called as stickiness. People always look for different kind of music systems like Walkman, Discman or even those expensive mp3 players And finally they stick with ipods. Apple is the second biggest company next to Microsoft Apple introduced ipods in which hundreds and thousands of songs can be saved and played whenever required. This allowed the company to not only exploit they name but also use the names of Dell and Microsoft to work with them for their success. Also this product tipped of the timing. At a time when the health conscious and the craze is at its peak, people were looking for something to play their music while they were working out that looked cool. This is exactly what the IPOD offered these people. It is compact, mini, nano, shuffles are so small they can easily fit in your pocket with no worries about skipping, even while running. The overall benefits of this product are enormous, and the sleek plain design really set it apart from anything in the market. If a kid in a college doesn’t have one of ipod, laptop, cell phones, people are surprised. The point that I try to get from Gladwell is the importance of Maven in having something tipped. Whether is accidental or on purpose the maven finds out information about something and has to tell someone. I feel it has tipped and think it was a fabulous example of marketing tipping a product. I think Gladwell really hit the nail on the head with his main three points that contribute to the tipping point of anything. At a time when the health conscious and the craze is at its peak, people were looking for something to play their music while they were working out that looked cool. This is an incredible underground of ipod mavens. One who links like-minded people and one who gathers and shares deep information, that sounds the definition of almost every relationship is the blogger, they are connectors and mavens at the tipping point of communication. Cell phone, ipods, desktop and laptops are the tipping point of communication because no other form of communication has been so immediate, so interactive, so far-reaching and so ready-made for relationships. We are connectors and mavens at the tipping point of communication able to make relationships with people all over the planet. We are just beginning to figure out the depth and breadth of the medium in which we are working. With the relationships we are making and the information we are gathering. If we set our minds in the same direction, we can change the world. The whole thing changes when the world is our community. Adoption of Ipods Advent of Cell Phones, Laptop and Desktop. Bolstered by the recent holiday gift-giving season, the number of American adults who now own an iPod or other MP3 player has reached 22 million, according to a Pew Internet American Life survey.   Based on the findings of this survey, it is clear that this technology reached its tipping point in the 2004 holiday shopping season, said Lee Rainie, director of Pew Internet American Life. iPods and other MP3 players have broken into the mainstream in a new way, and were projecting a lot more growth, probably an acceleration of growth, ahead. The survey was conducted between January 13 and February 9, 2005 to gauge roughly how many American adults now own iPods or MP3 players. The study didnt poll teenagers, an age group that includes several million more users of such devices. Pew determined iPods and other MP3 players are likely being adopted so quickly because of their relative ease of use, a plethora of downloadable music on the Internet, and because they allow people to become their own disk jockeys. People are beginning to adapt them as instruments of social activity, sharing songs with others, and are becoming drawn into podcasting, Rainie said. Although the study didnt offer specific numbers for podcastings growth, Rainie predicts in 2005, podcasting is likely to surge in popularity along a growth curve comparable to the blogging communitys rapid expansion. Pew is currently conducting a study looking at the growth of podcasting, results of which will be released in mid-March. Key findings of the survey include: †¢ Men are more likely to own iPods/MP3 players than women. Roughly 14 percent of adult men have such devices, as opposed to nine percent of adult women. †¢ Almost one in five (19 percent) of adults under the age of 30 have iPods/MP3 Players, versus 14 percent of people in their 30s and 40s. †¢ iPods/MP3 players are generally gadgets for the well-to-do. Approximately 24 percent of adults with household incomes of $75,000 or more own a device. About 10 percent of adults living in households earning $30,000 to $75,000 have them, as opposed to 6 percent of those living in households with earnings under $30,000. †¢ Internet users are four times as likely as non-Internet users to have iPods/MP3 players, probably because Web users are able to get much of the music they enjoy online; 15 percent of Internet users have iPods/MP3 players, versus only four percent of non-Internet users. †¢ The more advanced the Internet user, the more likely it is s/he will own an iPod/MP3 player. Those with six or more years online experience are twice as likely to have them as those who first came online in the last three years. †¢ Broadband access is strongly linked to iPod/MP3 player ownership. About 23 percent of adults with high bandwidth have the devices, compared to nine percent who connect via dial-up. Among adults with broadband access both at home and at work, 31 percent own such devices. †¢ Approximately 16 percent of parents living with children under age 18 have an iPod/MP3 player, as opposed to nine percent of those with no children living at home. Business hit the big time with the advent of the laptop because people could work at home Things got even better when wireless was invented. These technologies are becoming the worst things to happen to world Customer request for number of words. Number of words : 1975 including works cited . Works Cited 1. Gladwell, Malcolm, â€Å"What is the Tipping Point† www.gladwell.com/tippingpoint/index.html 2.Paterson, Robert, â€Å"How To Start a Revolution† 3rd May 2003. http://radio.weblogs.com/0107127/stories/2003/01/01/tippingPointNetVersion.html 3. WikiSummaries, â€Å"The Tipping Point Summary†, 31st Jan 2007. http://www.wikisummaries.org/The_Tipping_Point 4. Paterson, Robert, â€Å"Tipping Point’ http://www.answers.com/topic/tipping-point Customer request for additional three online resources. 1. Allison ,Jeremy, â€Å"Vista at the tipping point†19th Jan 2007. http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9590_22-6151049.html 2. Gladwell, Malcolm, â€Å"The Tipping Point†, http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?z=yEAN=9780316346627itm=1 3.†The Tipping Point – How little things can make a big difference† http://www.hachettebookgroupusa.com/books/8/0316316962/index.html